N5 Prelims Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
What is a deme
A
Units of local government which each male citizen was required to be registered with
2
Q
how Many tribes were there in Athens
A
10
3
Q
Who were Athenian citizenships not granted to
A
Metics
Slaves
women
4
Q
What were the rights of Athenian citizen ship
A
To speak in assembly
To elect generals
To make decisions abt wa and peace
To be rotected by laws
To worship
To take someone to court
To be paid for public service
5
Q
What jobs were slaves given
A
Scythian archers
Secretaries(educated slaves)
On farms
Nanny’s
Basically everything
6
Q
What are the hetaerae
A
Intelligent foreneir women but are permanent ally doomed with the status of prostitude
7
Q
Name examples of direct democracy
A
5th centenary Athens
All citizens were included in the organisation and running of the city
Citizens met at an assembly 4x per month
Each citizen voted on new laws decisions of war political elections and taxation
8
Q
Name examples of indirect democracy
A
Elected officials represent views of groups of people
Citizens do not vote in person
Individuals do not hve as much inputintoth running of the county
Referendums are the only chance we have a direct say Ona single issue
9
Q
Name 9 facts about the assembly in Athens
A
Male citizens only
4 times per month
1st meeting = food supply and defence
2nd meeting = petitions , any business
3rd/4th meeting = all other buisness
Meetings were on the hillside near Athens
6000 citizens needed for important buisness
Voting done by a show of hands
All citizens had a political voice in Athens
10
Q
What were Greek houses built with
A
Sun dried bricks
11
Q
Why did the windows on a Greek house mostly face in towards the court
A
To stop burglars and to keep the Ouse coo in the summer heat
12
Q
What was the purpose of Herms
A
They brought good luck to the family who lived in the house
13
Q
What was commonly found i the courtyard of a Greek house
A
A well
14
Q
How was cooking done in a Greek household
A
Over an open fire
15
Q
What were some foods that were commonly stored in a Greek household kitchen
A
Barley
wheat
lentils
coriander
sesame
grapes
figs
almond
olive oil
wine
vinegar
16
Q
Why was meat such a special thing in ancient Athens
A
Because it was expensive and hard to get
17
Q
What is an andron
A
A place where Greek men dined and wined and socialised during an event called a symposium
18
Q
What is a symposium
A
Ike a party but in Athens it was where males got otter and socialised while drinking and eating with entertainment
19
Q
Where were the women while the men were in the andron
A
They were confined to the seclusion of their rooms
20
Q
Who wasn’t allowed in the andron
A
Women
21
Q
Describe the interior of an andron
A
Couches placed around the walls
Tiled floors
Paintings and instruments hanging from the walls
Small oiled lamps
Decorated with wreaths of flowers hung from the wall
Tapestries hung on the all
22
Q
Who decided how strong the wine would be at a symposium
A
The kyrios
23
Q
What did the Athenians do at symposiums
A
Play games and watch the entertainment while drinking
24
Q
What was the entertainment like at Athenian symposiums
A
Acrobats flute girls and dancers also prostitution
25
What is the gynaeceum in an Athenian household
A separate section of the house reserved for women
Where women would spend most of their time weaving spinning and other domestic tasks like taking care of their children
26
Where was the gynaeceum located an Athenian house
On the upper floors separated from the men’s quarters by a series of locked doors
27
Who is the kyrios
And what was he responsible for
Lord of his household
Main role = pass intact to a successor within the family
Responsible for the prayer of the family
Responsible for organising in the festivals of his clan
Responsible for taking interest in local affairs
Responsible for arranging the marine of his sons and dowries for his daughters
Responsible for managing and disciplining his wife children and slaves
28
What was the role of an Athenian wife in the household
We’re expected to manage the household from their husbands
Managing the children slaves and family budget
These women did not go to school
They brought up from birth to be wives mother and housekeepers
29
Responsibilities of an Athenian wife?
Expected to work in the home cooking cleaning and managing the household finances
To work at the loom room
To look after the children
To produce heirs for their husbands
Take care of the sick
Train their daughters how to be good housewives
Carry out funeral rites for relatives
30
What was a general good Athenian wife like
Seen and not heard
Look after all domestic affairs
Should obey and support all her husband in everything
Not go outdoors too often unless for religious occasions
Be obideient and modest
No adultery and were allowed to be killed if caught in the act
Restricted t the company of her husband
31
What were the restrictions on Athenian women?
Women were not allowed to socialise independently with their husbands
Denied democratic rights
They could not have careers or join armed forces
32
What was the main purpose of getting married in classical Athens
To produce an heir for the man of the household
33
How was a marriage arranged in Athens
By the girls father
(They were not arranged for romantic reasons)
34
What age were you girls most likely to get married in athens
14 or 15
( They could be betrothed by 5 )
35
What was getting married like from a young girl in Athens
They would leave the Rome and family to enter what oiled have been a near strangers home
It was upsetting for most
Family and relatives wold bear witness to the girls virginity and of the size of the dowery
36
What was a wedding dowery in Athenian weddings
Was a sum of money or property value in cash which was the daughters share of the family’s wealth
It was used to support them while they were married and if they were divorced it had to be returned
It was a mark of status
37
What did girls do to prepare for a wedding in Athens
Dedicate their toys to Artemis to indicate the end of their childhood
Bathe in water take from a special fountain near the acropolis
Brides water was brought in a special jar called a lourtrophoros
Bride dedicated a oak of hair to some gods like Hera and Artemis
38
What happened on the wedding day ?
Women were helped by their mothers and brides maids
Have their har ad make up done
Wear a special dress with a veil
Door of the fathers house was decorated with ivy and bay leaves
Bride was then escorted to her new home
A wedding song was sung to her music of pipes
She was greeted by her mother in law a her new house
Nuts and fruit were grown at the newly weds
There was a wedding feast
Women were separated from the men
The husband took the wife to he bedroom after the feast
The bride and groom ate a quince together
Wedding gifts would be sent
39
Why was childbirth such a major cause of death in women in Athens
It was s dangerous because
Complications during pregnancy
Complications whist giveing birth
Infection after giving birth
All of these things could happen
40
Why was the thought of child birth so scary for young mothers in Athens
They had no control over there own bodies and knew the dangers associated with it
41
What was exposure in Athens
A common practise in the ancient world for children was exposure the process of rejecting an infant and casting it out to die
42
What was the process of exposure
If the father choose not to accept it into the family he had to cast it out the Ouse to die or to be picked up by a passer by
43
Why were girl babies more at risk in Athens
Gils were seen as a burden on the family a dowry would have to be provided whereas boys could work and provide for their family
44
What were some reasons why a child might have ben exposed in Athens
The baby looked ill r weak
Teh family were poor and unable to look after the baby
The baby had a physical disability / deformity
It was illegitimate
45
What kinds of toys did girls in Athens play with
Dolls
Balls
Hoops
46
Why did so little children make it to adulthood
Babies had to survive the rick o exposure at the hands of their father
If the mother had died during childbirth or had become ill after the chances of a newborn surviving were slim to none unless a wet-nurse could be provided
There was bad medical care
Something as simple as falling over and scratching their knee could kill a child
47
What append if a baby was excepted into the family
The door was decorated with an olive for a boy and a peice of wool for a girl
Th women who would have been present at the birth purified themselves by washing
They then carried the baby’s round the family fire
On the tenth day there was a family feast and a sacrifice
The child would be shown to the relatives
It would also be named
48
Name some of the Athens festivals that’s were for children
Anthesteria
Apatouria
Artemis brauronia
49
What were the expectations of the child in the family in Athens
Be respectful to their parents
Learn how to be a good useful citizen when they grow up
50
What was education for girls like in Athens
They did not go to school and were taught by their mothers at home
Learn basic reading and writing and arithmetic
Focus was on being a good wife and housekeeper mother
Taught how to sew cook clean and manage the slaves
51
What was an Athenian school like
Only boys could attend
The day started just after dawn and finished delay in the afternoon
Corporal punishment was used meaning if a pupil done smthn wrong the teacher could then hit them as punishment
There were no year groups boys of all ages would be taught in the same class
52
What was a paidagogos
A slave that accompanied children to school and would help them learn and punish them accordingly
53
What was grammar like in an Athenian school
A lot of poetry like homers Iliad and telling so ancient Trojan war
The heroes in story’s were used to teach the boys about how they should behave
54
What was arithmetic like in Athenian schools
An abacus was used to help count
Letter of the alaphabet were used as numerals
55
Why was music education so important in ancient Athens
Used in religious ceremonies
In theatre
To help athletes get the rhythm for the long jump
Keep soldiers in step
56
What ere some of the common instruments used in ancient Athens
Lyre
Harp
Double pipes
Reed pipes
57
Why was physical education important in ancient Athens
Men between ages of 18-60 had to be fit incase they were called to war
There were athletic contested at some religious events
58
What was some of the most known sports in Athens
Wrestling
Boxing
Javelin
Long jump
59
What was the equipment like from an Athenian school
They used a wax tablet and a styles which meant they had to memorise everything from that day
60
What would happen if an Athenian wanted to take their education further
They would have to visit a sophist who would be paid like a tutor
61
Why was owning slaves in Athens important
Because slaves done majority of the hard jobs
They were used to free up times for citizens
Used in education
62
How would someone become a slave in Athens
Captured in war
Slave traders who forced people in to slavery
Born into slavery
Kidnapped by pirates
Punishment for crime
63
What made a slave more valuable
High education
Good physical condition
Good appearance (handsome/pretty)
Young age
64
What is deracination in Athens
When a new save had to give up their identity
65
What were some of the jobs given to female slaves in ancient Athens
Assisting the wife
Domestic work
Cloth making
Wet nurses
Entertainment
Prostitutes
66
What were some of the jobs given to male slaves in ancient Athens
Outside work , managing crops tending to animals
Tending to animals
Collect water for family
Crafts and trades
67
What were the duties of public saves
Road cleaning
policing
mining
68
Who were the Scythian archers in Athens
Pubicly owned slaves who helped the police
69
What were thconditons of the Athenian mines like
Very cramped
Very hot
Poor ventilation
Cave ins were common
Worked very long hours
Dark mines
Toxic fumes
Illness
No chance of getting freedom
70
How was every citizen expected to pay contribute to the city in Athens
By working and paying taxes
71
What was a fathers duty to his son in Athens
To train him and ensure that his so n was trained in a useful occupation to support himself and his future family
72
What were some things that were likely proved in workshops in Athens
Luxury items
Shoes
Painted pottery
Statues
73
What was the centre of commercial life in Athens
The agora (the marketplace)
74
What kind of things could be bought in the market place
Things from produce - exotic perfumes
Lots of differnt things
75
What were the important buildings in the agora in Athens
A council chamber
Army head quarters
Law courts
The mint where silver coins were held
Round building t house the official weights and measures
76
Why were potters important in ancient Athens
It was a major export for Athens and helped make the city wealthy
77
Why were shoemakers so important in ancient Athens
Because evryone had to wear shoes and they had to be custom made in person to fit the persons foot
78
Why were metalworkers and blacksmiths so important in ancient Athens
They made statues
They made the weapons used in war
Cutlery
Pots and pans
79
Why were stonemasons and scuppers important in ancient Athens
They made the statues which were very popular in ancient Athens
It was skilled work and had to be done by hand
They made it into. Beautiful city
80
Why was farming so important in ancient Athens
It was had work and had to be done hand
They made mahjority o the food for Athens
They made olive oil
They made wine
They made honey
81
Why was fishing so important in ancient Athens
Fish was a staple food
82
What were some jobs for educated citizens
Banker
Teacher
Doctor
Merchant
Speechwriter
83
Why was Athens a good place to make money
Location
Population
Slaves
Organisation
Technology
Finance
Types of jobs
Women
84
What did the Parthenon ok like in Ancient Greece
Sets atop of the acropolis hill in Athens
Main temple of Athena
Built of marble and Doric style columns
85
What is the panathenaic procession
Main festival held in honor of the goddess Athena
It was held on her birthday at the end of July/startof august
86
What happened on each of The days of the panthenaic prosession
Day 1 - musical contests were held
Day 2- athletic contests ( boys and youths)
Day 3 - men’s athletics
Day 4 - equestrian contests
Day 5- tribal event
Day 6 - the procession
Day 7 - the apostates , the boat race
Day 8 - prize giving
87
Describe a roman dinner party in pompeii
Took place in roman dining rooms lavishly decorated
Mostly wealthy romans who would have dinner and talk
Dinner parties were used to strengthen relationships and show off ur house
88
How did pompeiians eat
Lying down
With their fingers
Scraps were thrown on the floor
89
What you of food did the pompeiians eat
Chicken
Fish
Beef
Pies
Stew
Grapes
Eels
Figs
Olives
Leeks
Bread
Garum
90
What was the entertainment like in a pompeiian
dinner party
Dancers
Jugglers
Acrobats
Musicians
Conversation
Prostitutes
91
What was the design of the ampitheatre in pompeii
Oval shape
Made of stone
External staircase
An awning (if sunny or raining)
2 gateways for the gladiator
Sand in the arena
Tiered seating
92
What were gladiators and some key facts
Slaves who were trained in gladiatorial schools in fighting
Fed a basic diet
Trained hard
Slept in cells
Constant fear of death or injury
93
Why was gladiator fights so popular in pompeii
Crowds loved to watch gladiators fight one another
Gladiators were trained in different fighting skills
The crowds had fav gladiators
The gladiators didn’t always die as they were expensive
94
How were animals involved in the amphitheatre in Pompeii
Animal fights
Gladiator vs animal
95
What kind of animals were brought to the ampitheatre in Pompeii
Lions
Bulls
Wild boar
Stags
Wolves
Elephants
Crocs
96
What is the palaestra in pompeii
A public park close to the ampitheatre
Exercise areas
97
What were key points in the design of the theatres in Pompeii
Semi circle shape
Made of stone
Tiered seating
Decorated with mythical statues
2 entrances
98
why was the theatre enjoyable
Free to enter
No television or films
Greek comedies and tragedies
They enjoyed the special effects - sound effects and lifting mechanics
99
How was the seating arranged in the theatre
By wealth
Rich at in the front while poor were further up the back with women and slaves
100
What could make the theatre a bad experience
Could be very hot
It could rain
Could be very cramped
It could stink of sweat
Perfumed water being sprayed
Large audience shouting and eating
There was no microphones
Poor visual at the back
101
What did the baths look like
Decorated with red and gold paint
Intricate mosaics on the floor and dining the pool
Contained libraries massage room
Club meeting rooms
102
Why were the baths so popular in Pompeii
It wasn’t common to have bathing facilities at home
It was cheap
Social environment
Relaxing
103
what was the bathing process like in a bath house
A visitor could exercise if they wished
Go for a swim
Enter the warm room
Enjoy a massage
Go to the cold room to remove dirt
104
What was the forum like in Pompeii
Religious and political life of Pompeii
Many studs ans beatiful buildings
Shop at the market stalls
Slave market
Worship at temples
105
What was shopping in the forum like in Pompeii
Religious and political life of Pompeii
106
What was in a thermpoliam like
Bar where hot drinks and food was sold
Tiny rooms which opened up onto the street of Pompeii
Stone counters with large earthen ware pots set into them that were used for storing food stuffs
Big oven to make tasty snails for the customers
107
What kind of food was sold in the thermapolium
Fish dishes
Boiled chicken
Toasted pine kernels
Sauces like garum
108
What were some of the ways to make a living in Pompeii
Thermaopolium
Bakery
Fullers
Slave markets
Making/selling products
109
Why were bakeries so popular in pompeii
Because bread wasn’t usually made at home but had t be bought each day
110
What were the working conditions like in a Pompeiian bakery
They’re were donkeys to turn the mills so it was very smelly
There were big massive industrial ovens so it was very hot and sweaty
Smoky and dirty work
No concept of personal hygiene
111
What was a fuller like in Pompeii and what were some key facts
A laundry
Where cloth was dyed mended and washed
Urine was collected in pots for the fulling process
112
What was the process of cleaning cloth in a fuller in Pompeii
Cloth was soaked in hot urine
Then stamped on to remove grease
Then washed in a series of vats
Then dried
Stretched and dyed
113
What was used to dye cloth in a fuller in Pompeii
Vegetables
Or minerals
They were fixed to the cloth by the use of vinegar
114
What were the slave markets like Pompeii and key facts
Each slave wore place card
115
What made a slave more sought after
Young
Not sick
Beautiful/handsome
Pale
Skills / crafts
116
What was farmed in Pompeii
Olives
Grapes
Corn
117
what is garum
A fish sauce which the romans loved for its strong flavor
118
what was the forum for in pompeii
the forum was a marketplace where people sold various things to make money
119
what were some of the things you could buy at a forum in pompeii
vegstables
bread
hot food
perfume
cloth
slaves
120
how were slaves sold at the forum in pompeii
by auctions held in the forum
121
what was public religon like in pompeii
worship carried out on behalf of the town which involved all the citizens
122
why were pompeiian festivals so enjoyable
socialisation
eat nice food (meat)
show religous devotion to gods
123
what was the saturnalia like in pompeii
exchange of gifts
honor the god saturn
sacrifices
worship
124
what was the process of a sacrifice
the animal had to be tame and have no defects
everyone had to be willing even the animal
the throat was cut in front of the temple
the guts would be checked
everyone ate the meat
125
what were some of the temples in pompeii
temple of jupitar
temple of apollo
temple of vespasian
temple of fortuna agusta
126
why was pubic religon important in a pompeiian society
nothing could be decided until a religious ceremony took place.
the gods had to be worshipped to keep them happy
they believed ordinary life could not continue without worshipping the gods
it was a safegaurd
127
what was private religon like in pompeii
it was for a persons own personal gain
it could be done at a family shrine to the gods or a separate cult like bacchus or isis
128
what is a lararium
a shrine in a pompeiian household used for private worship
129
who was the goddess vesta in pompeii
the goddess of fire
130
What were mystery religons
cults and beliefs separate from the traditional religon
131
what was the temple of isis like
small temple
private as a high wall surrounded the temple
isis was enjoyed by women the most
132
when was the eruption of MT. vesuvius
79 AD
133
what were the signs that mt.vesuvius was going to erupt
mild earth tremors
springs had dried up
animals were uneasy
134
what happened just after mt. vesuvius exploded
wide cracks opened up in its sides
red hot boulders were catapulted thousands of feet into the air
a big mushroom shaped dust cloud rose into the sky and blotted out the sun
pumice fell
then hot ash
135
what effects did the volcano have on pompeii
the town was covered in a layer of pumice stones
also in ash
sulphur fumes came off of the pumice stones
lava poured over the side of the crater
the waves of the sea were so wild
earthquakes made people leave
136
who was most likely to survive the eruption of mt.Vesuvius
people who fled quickly
137
What did the sulphur fumes do during the eruption of mt. Vesuvius
killed people in inclosed spaces
138
what was the timeline of the eruption of mt.vesuvius
august 79 AD the volcano erupts
loud bang and cracks on the volcano
the top of Vesuvius blew off sending red hot boulders raining down
a big mushroom cloud rose into the sky blocking the sun
ash and pumice fell
lava poured out
ash and pumice started building up
big mushroom cloud came crashing down
a day later pompeii was no longer visable
139
what were some of the things that happened while people tried fleeing pompeii
leaving homes in a crowd
covering heads with cushions buildings collapsing
darkness
mass-crowd panic mentality
people being split from family
140
how many people died in the eruption
appro 2000
141
why would people have stayed home during the eruption
sick loved ones
for valubles and house
thought it was safer
142
what caused pompeiians to die during the eruption of mt.vesuvius
those who went back to their house
those who tried to escape by sea
falling boulders
falling buildings
pumice and ash falling
poisonous sulphuric fumes
143
how are the plaster casts useful
We can learn gender and a rough idea of age
We can see it was hard to breathe as victims covered their mouths
We can see facial features
144
why were the plaster casts not useful
we can only guess occupation and status of victims
a lot of materials inside the plaster would be more useful
its not a modern technique
