NA own actions Flashcards
(9 cards)
political agree 1
It can be argued that NA had impact in progressing their political civil rights.
Contribution in WW1 & WW2
led to the passing of the 1924 citizenship act which granted them citizenship and equal rights.
However, limited significance as Dawes acted had already granted citizenship through allotment and many NA didn’t want this
It also due to NCAI pressure as well led to the introduction of the Indians Claim Commission (ICC) - looked to provide NA with monetary reparations for the loss of land however this is not what they wanted. Cession of black hills 1877 from Lakota tribe- offered $600m in 1980 but not accepted
Political agree 2
NCAI successful legal battle, Harrison vs Laveen .The court decision overturned an earlier decision by the court that American Indians were ineligible to vote, resulting in the suffrage of native peoples in Arizona
political disagree 1
it can be argued that the actions of sympathetic white Americans such as John Collier was more significant.
actions led to Indian Reorganization Act 1934 - ends allotment policy, governmental powers given to tribal councils and marks change in FG attitude.
However, only ended assimilation temporarily as it was resumed in 1953, also only 4 mil out of 138 mil acres of land was returned.
can also be argued due to federal reformers in response to the Meriam Report
political disagree 2
Actions of FG very significant in NA rights as following a shift in attitudes and sympathetic president.
Termination Policy ended, funding provided by FG as well as voluntary relocation programme.
Indian self determination act, 1975. officially ended assimilation and established the recognition of tribal sovereignty.
Can be argued that it was largely due to pressure from AIM
cultural agree 1
it can be argued that due to pressure form activism such as AIM - Legislative wins driven by NA activism:
1975 Indian Education Assistance Act: allows parents to have a influence over school boards, allows them to learn about their culture and history.
1978 Native American Religious Freedom Act. allowed NA the right to exercise their own religion and traditional practices
Indian Child Welfare Act, 1978, gives NA governments strong voice over child custody cases, strengthening culture as it was a reconstruction of the hinderance for developing NA rights from boarding schools.
cultural disagree 1
It can be argued that it was due to sympathetic FG and president that these acts were passed
cultural disagree 2
actions of sympathetic americans:
Indian reorganisation act 1934. granted rights to practice own religion and cultural identity. big milestone from boarding schools.
AIDA:
Blocking Leavitt bill which aimed to prohibit them from performing some of their traditional tribal dances. The AIDA viewed the Bill as an attack on their civil and religious rights.
Economic agree 1
NA activism sparked or guided economic gains
NIYC “fish-ins” (1960s): Civil disobedience to assert treaty rights led to U.S. v. Washington (1974) affirming tribal fishing rights.
NARF cases:
Seminole v. Butterworth (1982): Legalized gambling on reservations. Giving them greater economic opportunity.
Morton v. Mancari (1974): Upheld affirmative action for NA employment in BIA.
culmtral disagree 1
(Federal reforms as the driver)
Meriam Report (1928): Exposed poverty and led to federal reforms.
Indian New Deal (1934):
Economic support via BIA employment, Indian Arts and Crafts Board.
Indian Vocational Training Act (1956):
Provided job training (part of assimilation policy).
Johnson’s Great Society:
Executive Order creating National Council on Indian Opportunity.
Appointment of NA officials in Office of Economic Opportunity.
Nixon-era reforms: Preferential treatment for NAs in contracts and employment.
