NAAN

Question 1

Biological Normal

Answer 1

-Bio approach explains causes of normal behaviour lying in human biology
-Firstly in terms the way our brain functions and therefore the way we behave
-Secondly as a result of our genes as these ultimately underlie our entire biological system and therefore psychological functioning

Question 2

Biological Abnormal

Answer 2

Criminal behaviour is seen as a deviation from the norm and therefore is explained as a DYSFUNCTION IN NEUROANATOMICAL STRUCTURES or GENES and the way their SYSTEM IS PROGRAMMED

Question 3

Biological Aim

Answer 3

-to use techniques that will make changes in the neuroanatomy and genes that the STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION returns to NORMAL, to enable the RESULTANT behaviour to return to NORMAL

Question 4

Biological Return to Normal

Answer 4

-Altering neuroanatomy is achieved by PSYCHOSURGERY
-e.g bilateral cingulotomy and anterior caspulotomy is performed to return the functioning of these structures to normal levels and reduce aggressiveness
-No genetic modification is yet possible beyond ethically questionable eugenics programmes

Question 5

Individual Differences Normal

Answer 5

Cause of normal behaviour lies in the factors that make us unique and individual.
1. Personality as this shapes the way people react and respond to their environment
2. Individual differences in decision making
Both influence how we behave

Question 6

Individual Differences Abnormal

Answer 6

Criminal behaviour viewed as a deviation from the norm and therefore explained by specific individual differences i.e specific personality profiles (high PEN score) and individual differences in cost-benefit analysis in decision making

Question 7

Individual Differences Aim

Answer 7

Modify individual differences that are leading to criminal behaviour e.g change aspects of personality or to change the way in which criminals process information and therefore make decisions.

Question 8

Individual Differences Return to Normal

Answer 8

Achieved through AMPs which involve 4 elements
1. Relaxation training
2. Cognitive Restructuring: involves changing the way criminals think to manage social situations more effectively and change the way they interpret situations and feel less angry as a result in the future.
3. Social Skills Training
4. Application

Question 9

Social Psychological Normal

Answer 9

behaviour is learnt from our interactions with other people in our environment e.g through social learning or through peer groups

Question 10

Social Psychological Abnormal

Question 11

Social Psychological Aim

Question 12

Social Psychological Return to Normal