Nagi's 7th Lecture Blood

Question 1

What is the count of the WBCs

Answer 1

4000-10000 micro-cubical

Question 2

The stem cell of the leucocytes go in two production pathways what are they

Answer 2

Myeloid

And lymphoid

Question 3

What are the cells of the myeloid line

Answer 3

Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 4

What does the neutrophils do

Answer 4

They are the main microphages

Question 5

How much time does the neutrophils live

Answer 5

Few hours

Question 6

What is the function of the monocytes

Answer 6

They travel the blood for 72 hours then they enter the tissues like liver bones and kidney and work as macrophages

Question 7

How much the macrophages live

Answer 7

For many years

Question 8

What does the eosinophils do

Answer 8

They are produce plasmin
They fight parasites
And they have a weak phagocytosis activity

Question 9

What does the basophils do

Answer 9

Histamine
Haprin
No phagocytic activity

Question 10

What are the products of the lymphoid line

Answer 10

Small lymphocytes (specific ) (B/T cells)

Large lymphocytes (non specific)(natural killers)

Question 11

What is the is the half time of the neutrophils

Answer 11

6 hours

Question 12

What is the first defensive line in the acute inflammation

Answer 12

Macrophages (neutrophils )

Question 13

What happens when a basophils enter a tissue

Answer 13

It become mast cell

Question 14

What is the life spam of lymphocytes

Answer 14

It is several daya to months

Question 15

What are the causes of the inflammation

Answer 15

Infection ,trama ,chemical agent ,extreme cold or heat

Question 16

What are the characteristics of inflammation

Answer 16

vasodilation 
Redness
 heat
Increased capillaries permeability 
Swelling

Question 17

What are the steps of phagocytosis

Answer 17

1-migration:
The inflammatory substances stick the neutrophils and the macrophages to the endothelial wall of the capillaries
2-diapedesis: they squeeze themselves through the pores
3-ameboid movement: to the inflammation site by
4-chemotaxis
5-opsonization:with Ig G
6-phagocytosis

Question 18

What is the name of the macrophages in the liver

Answer 18

Kupffer cells

Question 19

What is the name is the macrophages of the bones

Answer 19

osteoclasts

Question 20

What is the name of the macrophages in the brain

Answer 20

Microglia

Question 21

What are the 4 lines of macrophages and neutrophils response to inflammation

Answer 21

1- tissues macrophages
2- microphages
3- new macrophages
4- increased WBCs production ,mast cells,basophils

Question 22

What does the leukopenia means

Answer 22

Decrease leukocytes count

Question 23

What does agranulocytosis means

Answer 23

No leukocytes in the blood

Question 24

What does leukocytosis means

Answer 24

Increased WBCs count

Question 25

Leukemia malignant

Answer 25

Is bone marrow cancer

Question 26

What are the mechanisms of the non specific immunity

Answer 26

1- mechanical and chemical barriers 2- cellular mechanisms 3-humoral mechanisms

Question 27

What does the mechanical and chemical non specific immunity contain

Answer 27

1- epithial coat : Skin,GIT,respiratory tract 2- mucosa 3- acid section in vagina

Question 28

What does the cellular mechanisms of the non specific immunity contain

Answer 28

1-microphoges 2-macrophages 3- natural killers

Question 29

What does the natural killers do

Answer 29

هي الخلايا صايعة خريجة شوارع و بتضرب الخطير هو و بيتو 1 malignant cells 2 cells infected by viruses

Question 30

What does activate natural killers

Answer 30

Alpha-interferen Antigen -antibodies complex Interleukin

Question 31

What does the humoral mechanisms of the non specific immunity contain

Answer 31

``` خمس شغلات ٤ منن بروتين 1-lysosome 2-interferons 3-properdin 4-acute phase proteins 5-complement system ```

Question 32

What does the interferons do?

Answer 32

``` It interfere with the virus production It has three types alphat beta gamma Alpha: increase NK activity Beta:it has antiviral activty Gamma: increases macrophages ``` بيلعب مع الكبار +١٨

Question 33

What does the acute phase proteins do

Answer 33

They a proteins that manufactured in the liver and they are anti inflammatory

Question 34

What is the example of the acute phase proteins and what it is clinical use

Answer 34

It is C reactive it is secreted when an inflammation happens or tissue distraction For example in the rheumatoid fever if this protein is increased in the blood that means we a damage in the heart

Question 35

What does the complement system do

Answer 35

It complete the process that has been stated by the antibodies by exploding the antibodies-antigen complex The specific immunity start the process by binding and he completes it by finishing

Question 36

What are the results of the complement system activation

Answer 36

``` 1-agglutination (التقيد) Invade the adhere organism 2-neutralization of toxic sites 3- putting perforin(pores forming molecules ) 4-chemotaxis 5-opsonization 6-formation of fragments that produce histamine so VD and increase capillaries permeability عملية اعدام بالرصاص تقييد شيل القنابل تخريم مناداة الجنود لشيل الجثة وضع ريحية حلوة مشان يقدروا يشوبوها كب مي و تنظيف البواقي ```

Question 37

What is the function of the properdin

Answer 37

It provides an alternative activation pathway to the complement system in case of non existent of the antibodies-antigen complex