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nahuatl > Nahuatl plural Nouns > Flashcards

Nahuatl plural Nouns Flashcards

1
Q

What are the absolutive endings that imply a noun?

A

tli, tl, li and n

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2
Q

How do you make a singular noun plural?

A

Drop absolutive -tli -tl -li

Add -meh

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3
Q

What are the only nouns that can be pluralized?

A

Only animate nouns: cats, dogs

Not inanimate nouns: books, tables

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4
Q

When using numbers indicating more than one, do you pluralize the noun? Give examples.

A

No.
1 book—se amoxtli
2 bookS—ome amoxtli
3 bookS—eyi amoxtli

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5
Q

How do you indicate “is, are”

I am a man, you are a man…?

A 
Add prefix to the noun AND indicate plurality with meh. 
Ni—I am
Ti—you are
/   — he, she is
Ti—we are 
In— you all are
/ — they are
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6
Q

What are the prefixes to say

he/she/ they “is, are”?

A

There are NO prefixes for he/she/they is/are. Saying the noun alone indicates he is/ she is.
DO show noun number agreement for “they” by adding meh.

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7
Q

Noun conjugation practice:
I am a man. I am a woman
Tlaktl. Siwatl
You are a man. You are a woman

A

Ni tlaktl Ni siwatl.

Ti tlakatl. Ti siwatl.

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8
Q

Noun conjugation:
He, she is a man/woman.
Why is a prefix for “is” not used?

A

Tlakatl. Siwatl

Prefix not needed bc the noun by itself indicates “is”.

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9
Q

Explain: tlakameh

A

(No suffix) tlaka—meh
Hombre—s
Ellos son hombres.

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10
Q

Explain: intlakameh

A

In—tlaka—meh
Uds.—hombre—s
Ustedes son hombres.

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11
Q

Explain: titlakameh

A

Ti—tlaka—meh
Nos.—hombre—s
Nosotros somos hombres.

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12
Q

Explain: tlakatl

A

(No suf.) tlaka—tl (absol.=sing.)
Hombre
El es un hombre.

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13
Q

Explain: titlakatl

A

Ti—tlaka—tl
Tu—hombre—(absolutive=sing.)
Tu eres un hombre.

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14
Q

Explain: nitlakatl

A

Ni—tlaka—tl
Yo hombre (absolutive)
Yo soy un hombre.

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15
Q

Translate

What’s this?

A

Tlen inin?

What this

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16
Q

Translate

What’s that?

A

Tlen inon?

What that

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17
Q

Translate. Yes

A

Kena

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18
Q

Translate

No

A

Amo

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19
Q

Translate

Thanks

A

Tlaskamati

20
Q

How do you express possession

My your her etc

A

Drop the absolutive ending tl, tli, li, n. and add the prefix for possession.

21
Q

What are the prefixes for possession?

A 
My—no
Your—mo
His, her—i
Our — to
 Y’alls—inmo
Their—inin
22
Q

How do you pluralize a possessive?

Only what type of objects are pluralized ?

A

Add —wan as a postfix to the root
for plurals our, y’alls, their

Animate objects

23
Q

What is the use of the —W when Indicating possession?

A

If the word ends in —tl, and it is a singular animate thing, drop the —tl and add —w as postfix

w= h/sound

24
Q

How do you say my name is Juan?

A

No tokah Juan. Notokah Juan. 

25
Q

How do you say your name is Mario?

A

Mo tokah Mario.

Motokah Mario.

26
Q

How do you say her name is Elena?

A

I tokah Elena.

Itokah Elena.

27
Q

How do you say what’s your name?

A

Keniwki motokah?

28
Q

Explain:

Maria inantsin ichichi

A

Maria i nantsin i chichi
of mother of dog
Maria’s mother’s dog.

29
Q

What suffixes do irregular possessives take? And give 3 examples.

A

—wi
tlalli— land notlalwi — my land
pahtli -medicine -nopahwi -my
Yeyohtli—nuera— noyeyohwi- my

30
Q

Irregular possessives that end in —mitl change postfix to-____?
—itl change postfix to____?
And give 3 examples.

A 
— mitl   To  —n
—itl  to  —h
Kotomitl—shirt.  
nokoton—my shirt
tokaitl—name
. notokah—my name
Kweitl—skirt.  Nokweh—my shirt
31
Q

What particle is used to refer to the top part of the body? And for the bottom?

A

—tson. Top. Tsin—bottom

32
Q

Give a general explanation on how verbs are conjugated.

A

Only the prefixes for the pronoun are used without changing the root word.
Add —h as postfix only for plurals. We, you all, they.

33
Q

Name the personal pronouns and conjugate witoni—jump

A 
Niwitoni  tiwitoni  (*)witoni  
I                 You.           He,she

Tiwitonih inwitonih. Witonih
We. You all. They

34
Q

What is an independent pronoun?

A

It’s a pronoun that is not attached to the root word and it’s optional.

35
Q

How is an independent pronoun used?

A

An independent pronoun with a verve emphasizes who does in the action.

36
Q

Name the independent pronouns.

A

Na Ta Ya Tohwantin
I,me you He, she, it Us

inmohwantin Inihwantin
You all Yahwantin
They

37
Q 
Explain:
Niwitoni     Na niwitoni 
Tiwitoni       Ta tiwitoni
Witoni.         Ya witoni
Tiwitonih.      Tohwantin tiwitonih
Inwitonih.       Inmohwantin
                          Inwitonih
Witonih.   Inihwantin/Yahwantin 
                         Witonih
A

The independent pronouns are added at the beginning of a conjugated verb to jump in the present to emphasize who does the action.
I jump. I(emphasis) jump.
You jump. You (emph) jump.

38
Q

How is the suffix tsin— used?

What does it mean? What do you do with the absolutive endings of nouns when tsin— is used?

A

This suffix is similar to the postfix —ito, —ita, —itos, —itas in Spanish as in frijolitos, agüita.

Drop the absolutive endings of the nouns.

39
Q

Explain:
Etl Frijoles Konetl niño
Etsin Frijolitos. Konetsin niñito

Atl. Agua. Juan Juantsin
Atsin. Agüita Juanito

A

These nouns use the diminutive as a postfix —tsin to imply respect. Tli, tl, li absolutives are dropped.

40
Q

What happens when the prefix

Pil— is used along with the postfix—tsin with a noun?

A

It further exaggerates connotation of smallness or respect.

41
Q

Explain:
Piletsin pilatsin pilkonetsin

Pilchichitsin

A

Etl frijoles
Etsin frijolitos (drop abolutive -tl and add —tsin)
Piletsin (add pil— and sacredness is implied.
Atl agua, atsin (drop tl) agüita, add pil making pilatsin agüita sagrada?
Konetl—konetsin—pilkonetsin
niño. Niñito Niniñito??

Chichi—chichitsin—pilchichitsin
Perro. Perrito. Perritito???

42
Q

How do you pluralize a word ending in —tsin?

A

Add —tsin again.

Konetl konetsin konetsitsin—niños

43
Q

What prefix is used to turn verbs into command (imperative)?
What do you for verbs that end with ia, —oa?

A

Xi— turns verbs into commands.

Verbs ending in —ia —oa drop “a” and retain stress on second to last syllable.

44
Q

What’s the imperative of tlakwa, motlaloa, momachtia?

A

Xitlakwa, eat
Ximotlalo, run
Ximomachti, study

45
Q

Explain:
xitlakwa eat!!
Ximotlalo run!!
ximomachti study!!

A

Tlakwa to eat xitlakwa (only verbs ending in —ia, —oa drop “a”)
Motlaloa to run Ximotlalo (verb ends in —oa so drop “a”)
Momachtia to study ximomachti (verb ends in —ia. Drop “a”.

46
Q

What postfix pluralizes a command? (To command more than one person?)

A

—kan is added at end of command.

47
Q

Explain: xitlakwakan, ximotlalokan, ximomachtikan

A 
Tlakwa—xi+tlakwa+kan estudien!!
Motlaloa—xi+motlalo+kan
                     Corran!!
Momachtia—xi+momachti+ kan
                         Estudien!!!

nahuatl (2 decks)

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