Naloxone

Question 1

Presentation

Answer 1

0.4 mg in 1 ml glass ampoule

Question 2

Pharmacology

Answer 2

Opioid antagonist

Actions:
- prevents or reverses the effects of opioids

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

by the liver

Question 4

Indications

Answer 4

Altered conscious state and respiratory depression

- secondary to administration of opioids or related drugs

Question 5

Contras

Answer 5

NIL of significance in the above indication

Question 6

Precautions

Answer 6

• if pt is known to be physically dependent on opioids, be prepared for a combative pt after administration
• neonates

Question 7

Route of administration

Answer 7

• IM

- IV

Question 8

Side effects

Answer 8

Symptoms of opioid withdrawal:

• Sweating, goose flesh, tremor
• nausea and vomiting
• agitation
• dilatation of pupils, excessive lacrimation
• convulsions

Question 9

Special notes

Answer 9

• Naloxone duration of action is often less then opioid used, Repeat doses may be required
• In the absence of opioids, naloxone has no perceivable effects

Naloxone should not be administered:

• following opioid associated cardiac arrest
• following head injury

Question 10

IV / IM effects:

Answer 10

Onset: 1-3 mins
Peak: n/a
Duration: 30-45 mins

Question 11

Opioid OD

Answer 11

Heroin OD (Adult)

• 1.6 - 2 mg IM
• single dose only

Other opioid OD (Adult)

• 100 mcg IV
• repeat @ 2mins until pt is adequately self-ventilating
• max 2 mg

Other opioid OD - If unable to insert IV (Adult)

• 400 mcg IM
• single dose only

Peadiatric

• 10 mcg/kg IM (max 400 mcg)
• repeat 10 mcg/kg IM @ 10 min (max 400 mcg)