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AEMT/PARAMEDIC DRUG CARDS > name, mechanism of action and indication > Flashcards

name, mechanism of action and indication Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Ketorolac (Tordol)

A

Drug Class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis and providing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
Indications: Short-term management of moderate to severe pain.

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2
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A
  • Indications: Fever
  • NSAID
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3
Q

Morphine Sulfate (Morphine)

A
  • Narcotic Analgesic
  • CNS depressant and analgesic
  • Indications: severe pain
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4
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A
  • Narcotic analgesic that has longer lasting effects when compared to morphine
  • Hemodynamic properties – increases the peripheral venous capacitance and decreases venous return and myocardial oxygen demand
  • Indications: severe pain
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5
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A
  • Narcotic analgesic that has shorter lasting effects when compared to morphine, can create dysphoria and can cause liver damage
  • Schedule II controlled substance
  • Indications: severe pain
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6
Q

Fentanyl Citrate (Sublimaze)

A
  • Narcotic Analgesic
  • Unrelated to morphine but 50-100 times more potent. Duration of action is shorter than other narcotics
  • Indications: Pain, RSI Intubation
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7
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A
  • Indications: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication before cardioversion, skeletal muscle relaxant, and acute anxiety states.
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8
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A
  • Indications: Major motor seizures, status epilepticus, premedication before cardioversion, skeletal muscle relaxant, and acute anxiety states.
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9
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A
  • Indications: anticonvulsant.
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10
Q

Glucagon

A

Drug Class: Hyperglycemic agent
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates hepatic production of glucose from glycogen stores (glycogenolysis).
Indications: Severe hypoglycemia, beta-blocker overdose.

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11
Q

Dextrose (D50, D25, D10

A
  • Indications: Hypoglycemia and coma of unknown origin.
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12
Q

Naloxone (Narcan)

A
  • Indications: respiratory depression with a high index of suspicion of a narcotic overdose
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13
Q

Duo Dote Auto-injector

A
  • Indications: Organophosphate or Nerve Agent Poisoning
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14
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A
  • : Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis (secondary treatment)
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15
Q

Aspirin

A
  • Indications: Chest Pain that is likely cardiac-related
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16
Q

Tranexamic Acid (TXA)

A

Drug Class: Antifibrinolytic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, preventing the breakdown of fibrin clots.
Indications: Control of bleeding in hemophilia, reduction of heavy menstrual bleeding, trauma-associated hemorrhage, surgical bleeding.

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17
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • Indications: Chest pain associated with ACS or acute pulmonary edema
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18
Q

Epinephrine (Injectable)

A
  • Indications: hypotension, primary treatment for allergic reactions/anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, severe asthma, persistent and symptomatic bradycardia
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19
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

A
  • Indications: second/tertiary treatment for severe anaphylaxis, asthma, COPD and urticaria
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20
Q

Albuterol

A
  • Indications: Bronchial asthma and reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
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21
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Drug Class: Corticosteroid
Mechanism of Action: Suppresses inflammation and immune responses; has potent glucocorticoid effects.
Indications: Severe allergic reactions, asthma, croup, cerebral edema, inflammation.

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22
Q

Racemic Epinephrine

A

Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing airway
resistance and edema.
indications: Croup, bronchospasm.

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23
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

A

Drug Class: Anticholinergic
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.
Indications: Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema; asthma exacerbations.

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24
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A
  • Indications: Nausea/Vomiting
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25
Phenytoin ( Dilantin)
Drug Class: Anticonvulsant Mechanism of Action: Stabilizes neuronal membranes and decreases seizure activity by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions across cell membranes. Indications: Seizure disorders, status epilepticus.
26
Fosphenytoin( Cerebyx)
Drug Class: Anticonvulsant Mechanism of Action: Prodrug of phenytoin, converted to phenytoin in the body. Indications: Status epilepticus, seizure prevention during neurosurgery.
27
Phenobarbital (Luminal)
Drug Class: Barbiturate Mechanism of Action: Enhances the effect of GABA by increasing the duration of chloride channel opening. Indications: Seizure disorders, status epilepticus, sedation.
28
Insulin (Humulin, Novolin)
Drug Class: Antidiabetic agent Mechanism of Action: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. Indications: Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and Type 2), hyperkalemia (adjunct), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
29
Dextrose (D50, D25, D10)
Drug Class: Carbohydrate Mechanism of Action: Rapidly increases serum glucose levels. Indications: Hypoglycemia.
30
Thiamine
Drug Class: Vitamin Mechanism of Action: Essential coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Indications: Thiamine deficiency, Wernicke's encephalopathy.
31
. Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
Drug Class: Corticosteroid Mechanism of Action: Decreases inflammation by suppressing migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing increased capillary permeability. Indications: Adrenal insufficiency, severe allergic reactions, asthma, septic shock
32
Nitrous Oxide
Drug Class: Anesthetic gas Mechanism of Action: Produces analgesia and sedation by depressing the central nervous system. Indications: Pain management, procedural sedation.
33
Ketamine
* Drug Class: Dissociative anesthetic * Mechanism of Action: Blocks NMDA receptors, providing anesthesia and analgesia while preserving airway reflexes and spontaneous breathing. * Indications: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, procedural sedation, pain management, status asthmaticus.
34
Etomidate
Drug Class: General anesthetic Mechanism of Action: Enhances GABA receptor activity, inducing sedation and anesthesia. Indications: Induction of general anesthesia, procedural sedation
35
Propofol
Drug Class: General anesthetic Mechanism of Action: Positive modulation of the inhibitory function of the neurotransmitter GABA through GABAA receptors. Indications: Induction and maintenance of anesthesia, procedural sedation, sedation for mechanically ventilated patients.
36
Dexmedetomidine
Drug Class: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist Mechanism of Action: Activates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brainstem, inhibiting the release of norepinephrine and providing sedation, analgesia, and anxiolysis. Indications: Sedation of initially intubated and mechanically ventilated patients, procedural sedation.
37
Terbutaline
Drug Class: Beta-2 adrenergic agonist Mechanism of Action: Stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors, causing bronchodilation and relaxation of uterine smooth muscle. Indications: Bronchospasm in asthma and COPD, preterm labor.
38
Nebulized Atropine
Drug Class: Anticholinergic Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation. Indications: Reversal of bronchospasm in asthma or COPD.
39
Magnesium Sulfate
Drug Class: Electrolyte, anticonvulsant Mechanism of Action: Reduces muscle contractions by interfering with the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction; stabilizes cardiac cells. Indications: Torsades de pointes, eclampsia, severe asthma exacerbations, hypomagnesemia.
40
Norepinephrine
Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, vasopressor Mechanism of Action: Stimulates alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction and increased cardiac output. Indications: Acute hypotensive states, cardiac arrest.
41
Dopamine
Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, vasopressor, inotrope Mechanism of Action: Stimulates dopaminergic, beta-1, and alpha adrenergic receptors, increasing cardiac output and blood pressure. Indications: Shock, congestive heart failure, hypotension not resulting from hypovolemia.
42
Dobutamine
Drug Class: Sympathomimetic, inotrope Mechanism of Action: Stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors, increasing cardiac output without significantly increasing heart rate. Indications: Acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock.
43
Vasopressin
Drug Class: Antidiuretic hormone, vasopressor Mechanism of Action: Stimulates V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasoconstriction. Indications: Diabetes insipidus, vasodilatory shock.
44
Propranolol
Drug Class: Beta-blocker (non-selective) Mechanism of Action: Blocks beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure. Indications: Hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, tremors.
45
Metoprolol
Drug Class: Beta-blocker (beta-1 selective) Mechanism of Action: Selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and blood pressure. Indications: Hypertension, angina, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, tachyarrhythmias.
46
Lidocaine
Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic (class 1B), local anesthetic Mechanism of Action: Suppresses automaticity and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles during diastole by altering sodium ion flux across cell membranes. Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias, local anesthesia.
47
Procainamide
Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic (class 1A) Mechanism of Action: Blocks sodium channels, reducing automaticity and prolonging the refractory period of the atria, ventricles, and Purkinje fibers. Indications: Ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate in WPW syndrome.
48
Verapamil
Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, decreasing myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, and dilating coronary arteries. Indications: PSVT, atrial fibrillation/flutter with rapid ventricular rate, hypertension, angina.
49
Adenosine
Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic Mechanism of Action: Slows conduction through the AV node and can interrupt reentrant pathways, restoring normal sinus rhythm. Indications: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).
50
Diltiazem
Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, decreasing myocardial contractility and oxygen demand, and dilating coronary arteries. Indications: PSVT, atrial fibrillation/flutter with rapid ventricular rate, hypertension, angina.
51
Amiodarone
Drug Class: Antiarrhythmic (class III) Mechanism of Action: Prolongs the action potential and refractory period of cardiac cells; inhibits adrenergic stimulation; decreases AV conduction and sinus node function. Indications: Ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation.
52
Atropine
Drug Class: Anticholinergic, parasympatholytic Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at parasympathetic sites in smooth muscle, CNS, and secretory glands, increasing heart rate and decreasing secretions. Indications: Bradycardia, organophosphate poisoning, asystole.
53
Sodium Bicarbonate
Drug Class: Alkalinizing agent Mechanism of Action: Increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, raises blood pH. Indications: Metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, drug intoxications (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants), cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalemia or acidosis.
54
Furosemide
Drug Class: Loop diuretic Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, calcium, and potassium. Indications: Edema associated with heart
55
Bumetanide
Drug Class: Loop diuretic Mechanism of Action: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calcium. Indications: Edema associated with heart failure, liver disease, or renal disease.
56
Captopril
Drug Class: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation, decreased aldosterone secretion, and reduced blood pressure. Indications: Hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, post-myocardial infarction.
57
Nicardipine
Drug Class: Calcium channel blocker Mechanism of Action: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium, causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Indications: Hypertensive emergencies, chronic stable angina, hypertension.
58
Sodium Nitroprusside
Drug Class: Vasodilator Mechanism of Action: Releases nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation of both arteries and veins, reducing preload and afterload, and decreasing blood pressure. Indications: Hypertensive emergencies, acute heart failure, controlled hypotension during surgery.
59
Calcium Chloride
Drug Class: Electrolyte supplement Mechanism of Action: Increases the levels of extracellular calcium, crucial for cardiac and neuromuscular function. Indications: Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, calcium channel blocker overdose.
60
Succinylcholine
Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (depolarizing) Mechanism of Action: Mimics acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing depolarization and subsequent paralysis by preventing repolarization. Indications: Rapid sequence intubation (RSI), muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
61
Pancuronium Bromide
Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing) Mechanism of Action: Blocks acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on muscles, preventing depolarization and causing paralysis. Indications: Muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
62
Vecuronium
Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing) Mechanism of Action: Blocks acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on muscles, preventing depolarization and causing paralysis. Indications: Muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation, rapid sequence intubation.
63
Rocuronium Bromide
Drug Class: Neuromuscular blocking agent (non-depolarizing) Mechanism of Action: Blocks acetylcholine from binding to its receptors on muscles, preventing depolarization and causing paralysis. Indications: Muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation, rapid sequence intubation.

AEMT/PARAMEDIC DRUG CARDS (1 decks)

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