Names and Concepts

Question 1

Foucault

Answer 1

• Modern society is about the construction of order and discipline
• Take surveillance, develop knowledge
• Use knowledge to dominate

Question 2

Girard

Answer 2

• Memetic theory
• Notion of desire
• We desire things we perceive others as desiring
• We want to imitate the desire of others

Question 3

Philosophy of the face

Answer 3

• The face of the other is what we need to understand

Question 4

Hermeneutics

Answer 4

• The branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts.

Question 5

Jürgen Habermas

Answer 5

• German philosopher
• World renowned
• Best known for work in critical theory
• Concentrated on the study of society and politics
• Human institutions must be understood in their historical context
• Help the emancipation of human kind

Question 6

Jean-François Lyotard

Answer 6

• 1960s protests
• New time in human history
• La condition post-moderne
• The end of metanarratives
• Modern condition is characterized by profound skepticism

Question 7

Jacques Derrida

Answer 7

• French philosopher born in Algeria
• Deconstruction
• Postmodern
• Post-structuralism

Question 8

Deconstruction

Answer 8

• Western tradition based on exclusion of ‘othernes’ and that rationalism was nothing more than the domination of the male logocentric world view
• Believed philosophers could expose these beliefs by deconstructing texts to reveal their true structures

Question 9

Edward Said

Answer 9

• Orientalism (book) 1978
• Famous for proposing that Western intellectuals and scientists have created an imaginary picture of the Non-Western world
• The myth of orientalism

Question 10

Sun Tzu

Answer 10

• Power is the goal of politics and war and suggested ways that a sovereign could expand his power by becoming more adept at foreign policy and war

Question 11

Kautilya

Answer 11

• Proponent of Sun Tzu style ideas

Question 12

Thucydides

Answer 12

• Explained the Peloponnesian War as a consequence of expansion of Athenian power and the Spartan rection

Question 13

Machiavelli

Answer 13

• Argued that people are motivated by interests and that politics is a means to attain ones goals
• In order to be successful in politics one needs to have a ruthless strategy of deception and violence
• Morals have nothing to do with politics

Question 14

Hans Morgenthau

Answer 14

• Primary realist theorist of the 20th century
• Analyzed the Cold War as two superpowers attempting to dominate the planet
• Main constraint to both countries was nuclear war

Question 15

Elites in Politics

Answer 15

• Pareto
• Mosca
• Michels
• Role of elites in politics

Question 16

Iron Law of Oligarchy

Answer 16

• Michels

- Sooner or later all political parties and by extension political organizations, will be dominated by a small elite

Question 17

Charles Tilly

Answer 17

• Studied the formation of modern nation-states in Europe o shed light on how groups compete for power, enlarge their own power, and limit that of their enemies

Question 18

Mills & Chomsky

Answer 18

• Capitalist countries are led by an undemocratic group of businesspeople and their allies in the government and the mass media

Question 19

Antonio Gramsci

Answer 19

• Imprisoned by Mousillini
• Developed theory of Hegemony to explain continued bourgeois power
• Power to impose your own interests by disguising them as universal and incontestable ideas

Question 20

Stephen Gill

Answer 20

• Believes that ideas and institutions have, along with influence of economic and technological forces, a role to play in the modern world system
• Understanding American hegemony in the international system

Question 21

Johan Galtung

Answer 21

• Norweigan peace and conflict researcher
• Developed a structuralist view of dependency
• Structural links of dependency not just between rich and poor nations, but also the poor and dominant classes within nations
• Fracture between powerful and powerless that can lead to conflict

Question 22

Immanual Wallerstein

Answer 22

• World Systems Theory
• Main global conflict is the one between dependent nations of the South and the dominant societies of the North
• There also exists a semi-periphery of partially industrialized states including Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia, Thailand, and Turkey

Question 23

Talcott Parsons

Answer 23

• America was the prototype for modernity because it had achieved stability, secularism, pluralism, efficiency, and humanism with little turmoil

Question 24

Samuel P. Huntington

Answer 24

• Modernization as an irreversible historical process, and political development, which he saw as contingent and fluctuating
• Political development was not an automatic result of modernization
• Exemplified by post-colonial regimes that espoused authoritarian and paternalistic forms of government

Question 25

Erich Fromm & Theodor Adorno

Answer 25

- Created the concept of the authoritarian personality to explain the mental makeup of Adolf Hitler - Adorno believed the fascist attitudes were derived from personality and later devised the F-scale to measure fascist tendencies in people

Question 26

Albert Bandura

Answer 26

- Psychologist - Social learning theory - Bobo Doll Experiment

Question 27

Quincy Wright

Answer 27

- Number of people involved in warfare/prepared to go to war at its highest point in history - Frequency of warfare is diminishing

Question 28

F.H. Hinesley

Answer 28

- Great power war diminishing - War itself diminishing - International conflict diminishing

Question 29

Paul Collier

Answer 29

- Resource Curse Hypothesis | - States where national income is primarily from natural resources are prone to less democracy, less growth, and peace

Question 30

Herbert Spencer

Answer 30

- Survival of the Fittest - There is a scientific basis to race differentiation - Survival of cultures, races, classes

Question 31

Conrad Lauren

Answer 31

- Aggressive instinct - Aggression is a biological necessity - We need aggression for sexual drive and replication of the species

Question 32

Seville Statement

Answer 32

- Violence is not in our genes | - Not linking violence to genetics

Question 33

Richard Dawkins

Answer 33

- Evolutionary stable strategies: patterns or actions in our genes which survive to protect and procreate the species - Meme - cultural pattern or norm that reproduces an idea in the minds of people

Question 34

Thomas Homer Dixon

Answer 34

- Environmental scarcity is a huge issue - Environmental devastation is a growing concern - Conflict will arise as we fight over remaining resources

Question 35

LeBon

Answer 35

- There are a couple things that turn crowds into mobs - Strong leaders control and encourage groups of people to come together - People in group have anonymity, do things they might not otherwise do - Individual autonomy is maximized in crowds and mobs Riff Raff - No social connection to others - No reason for society to function properly

Question 36

Sapau

Answer 36

- Passive protestors - Active protestors - Violent protestors - Do things that might not be relevant to the protest - Ancestral shadow e. g. in the former Yugoslavia