Names and experiments

Question 1

Turing

Answer 1

1950 - mind as computer model

Question 2

Rosch 1978

Answer 2

Hierarchical categorisation

Question 3

Tafjel and Wilkes 1963

Answer 3

Line A/B length

-can perception be skewed by categorisation

Question 4

Tafjels principle

Answer 4

The accentuation principle (line A/B thing)

Question 5

Hogg and vaughn 2005

Answer 5

Welsh men are better singers

can the accentuation principle be applied to social situations

Question 6

Sherif et al. 1961

Answer 6

Boys at summer camp (eagles vs rattlers)

Competition between groups causes rivalry? can be brought back together with co-operation?

Question 7

Realistic conflict theory

Answer 7

When two groups are in competition for a resource conflict emerges leading to prejudice and poor intergroup categories

Question 8

Tafjel et. al 1971

Answer 8

The minimal group paradigm

boys art/ meaningless group membership leads to conflict/favouritism

Question 9

Asch

Answer 9

Central vs peripheral traits

Question 10

Loren Carpenter

Answer 10

Pong game

Question 11

Campbell 1958

Answer 11

How to classify a group (CF, P, S)

Question 12

Hamilton and Sherman 1996

Answer 12

-opinions of groups/group members can be effected by cohesiveness of the group

Question 13

Latane, Williams and Harkins 1979

Answer 13

effect of group size on social loafing (clapping)

Question 14

Karau and Williams 1997

Answer 14

effect on group cohesiveness on loafing (touch typing)

Question 15

Latane and Darley 1968

Answer 15

Bystander effect (smokey room)

Question 16

Levine and Crowther 2008

Answer 16

Large group doesn’t guarantee bystander effect because empathy for victim comes into it (shouting at woman experimenter)

Question 17

Tafjel and Turner 1979

Answer 17

SIT & SIT scale:
Belief system: social change —> social mobility
behaviour system: Intergroup –> inter personal

Question 18

Social Identity Theory:

Answer 18

Tafjel and Turner 1979
That definition of self comes largely from group memberships. People take pride and self esteem from their ingroups so tend to favour them.

Question 19

Turner et al 1987

Answer 19

Self categorisation theory

Question 20

Self categorisation theory

Answer 20

Explains peoples cognition and behaviour as part of a group - depends on context (crate as chair/hierarchical)

Question 21

Chameleon concept

Answer 21

We change certain aspects of our identity depending on context but there are some things that always remain the same

Question 22

Markus 1977 1

Answer 22

Experiments on schema’s - Do they aid faster processing? (1) Independent/dependent/aschematic - response time to adjectives measured

Question 23

Markus 1977 2

Answer 23

Experiments on schema’s - suggestibility test - are schemas resistant to change/contradictory information? (stronger schemas = more resistant)

Question 24

Ornato and Turner 2004

Answer 24

The fluid self - change self depending on salient context - intergroup or interpersonal behaviour

Question 25

Markus and Kitayama 1991

Answer 25

western vs eastern self | interdependent or independent self

Question 26

Higgins 1987

Answer 26

Self discrepancy theory | -discrepancies between different types of self will lead to discomfort

Question 27

Wood, Purunovic and Lee 2009

Answer 27

-positive statements in the mirror - self esteem/mood boost?

Question 28

Dovidio Evans and Tyler 1986

Answer 28

Black or white prime followed by ''could this trait be considered stereotypical of this race?'' - shows evidence for mental stereotyping

Question 29

Devine 1989

Answer 29

- dissociable processes involved in stereotyping | - knowledge and activation doesn't = expression of stereotype

Question 30

Devine 1989 1

Answer 30

Ps give a list of black cultural stereotypes undertake modern racism scale questionnaire (same characteristics given by both racist and non racist peeps) -testing knowledge of stereotypes across prejudice and no prejudice

Question 31

Devine 1989 2

Answer 31

1/2 Ps primed with black racial stereotype words (rhythm, slavery, athleticism, basketball) Presented with Donalds day Primed Ps perceive him as more aggressive -prejudice and non prejudice associate black with aggression (closely linked schemas) -mere knowledge of stereotypes is enough to prompt discrimination

Question 32

Devine 1989

Answer 32

Ps asked to put down thoughts about black people Prejudice gave more negative traits more often -Can we consciously reject unconscious stereotypes?

Question 33

Macrae, Milne and Bodenhausen 1994

Answer 33

The dual task paradigm (listening to the podcast and memorising traits of 4 characters) does stereotyping free up processing capacity for other tasks

Question 34

Correll et al 2002

Answer 34

Policemans dilemma | -consequences of racial stereotyping

Question 35

Macrae et al 1994

Answer 35

Skinhead passage thing | -What effect does suppressing stereotypes have? behavioural and cognitive

Question 36

Steele and Aaronson 1995

Answer 36

Blacks and whites at golf | Does stereotyping effect performance?

Question 37

Moss-Racusin 2012

Answer 37

Changed the gender in a CV | Does gender stereotyping effect perception of individual/prospects for work

Question 38

Kawakami et al. 2000

Answer 38

Press and say no to link between two concepts | can temporarily erase subconscious stereotypes

Question 39

Festinger and carlsmith 1959

Answer 39

Turning pegs upside down then oping in another P | Cognitive dissonance

Question 40

Freedman and Fraser 1966

Answer 40

Foot in the door compliance

Question 41

Cardinal et al 1975

Answer 41

Door in the face compliance is based on rejection moderation

Question 42

Cialdini et al 1975

Answer 42

door in the face

Question 43

Cialdini et a 1978

Answer 43

Low balling

Question 44

Biligs 1996

Answer 44

There are no underlying principles for persuasion or they would have been found out already

Question 45

Milgrim

Answer 45

Electric shock teacher student | -When absolved of responsibility for consequences people are much more obedient

Question 46

Allport 1954

Answer 46

Contact hypothesis

Question 47

Stephan & Stephan 2005

Answer 47

Interventions to reduce prejudice: - Promoting multiculturalism through education - diversity training in groups - organised intergroup dialogues - cooperative learning groups

Question 48

Wright et al 1997

Answer 48

Extended contact in reducing prejudice

Question 49

levine et al 2005

Answer 49

man utd supporter vs football supporter | -shared category membership should lead to increased willingness to help