Names of molecules

Question 1

What is a functional group in organic chemistry?

Answer 1

A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.

Question 2

Which functional group is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH)?

Answer 2

Carboxylic acid.

Question 3

True or False: Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group (–OH).

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Compounds containing the amine functional group typically contain a _____ atom.

Answer 4

Nitrogen.

Question 5

What functional group is represented by the formula –SH?

Answer 5

Thiol.

Question 6

Which functional group is characteristic of aldehydes?

Answer 6

A C=O at the end of the carbon chain.

Question 7

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 7

R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain.

Question 8

True or False: Ethers contain two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?

Answer 9

An aldehyde has the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketone has it within the carbon chain.

Question 10

Which functional group is indicated by the presence of a –COOH group?

Answer 10

Carboxyl group.

Question 11

What type of functional group do esters contain?

Answer 11

A carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an ether group (–O–).

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The functional group –NO2 is known as a _____ group.

Answer 12

Nitro.

Question 13

What is the common suffix used for naming alcohols?

Answer 13

–ol.

Question 14

True or False: Phenols are a type of alcohol.

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

What functional group is characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms?

Answer 15

Amine.

Question 16

Which functional group is represented by R-C≡C-R’?

Answer 16

Alkyne.

Question 17

What is the general structure of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 17

R-COOH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: A compound with the functional group –C=O at the end of the carbon chain is a _____ .

Answer 18

Aldehyde.

Question 19

What is the main characteristic of a ketone?

Answer 19

carbonyl group C=O within the carbon chain.

Question 20

True or False: Alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

What functional group is associated with the suffix –one?

Answer 21

Ketone.

Question 22

Which functional group is indicated by the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms?

Answer 22

Alkene.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: A compound with both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional group is called a _____ acid.

Answer 23

Hydroxy.

Question 24

What is the characteristic feature of a thiol?

Answer 24

It contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–SH).

Question 25

What type of compound is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?

Answer 25

An ester.

Question 26

True or False: An amide functional group contains a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

What is the primary characteristic of functional groups in organic chemistry?

Answer 27

Functional groups determine the chemical reactivity and properties of organic compounds.

Question 28

True or False: Functional groups can affect the boiling point of a compound.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The functional group that consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom is called a ______.

Answer 29

carbonyl

Question 30

Which functional group is typically associated with alcohols?

Answer 30

Hydroxyl group

Question 31

What type of reaction involves the addition of a functional group to a molecule?

Answer 31

Nucleophilic addition

Question 32

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common functional group found in carboxylic acids? A) Amine B) Carboxyl C) Ether D) Alkane

Answer 32

B) Carboxyl

Question 33

Short Answer: Name a functional group that contains nitrogen.

Answer 33

Amine

Question 34

True or False: The presence of functional groups can influence the acidity of a compound.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Fill in the blank: Esters are derived from ______ and an alcohol.

Answer 35

carboxylic acids

Question 36

What is the general formula for an alcohol?

Answer 36

R-OH

Question 37

Multiple Choice: Which of the following functional groups is characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms? A) Amide B) Ether C) Amine D) Alkane

Answer 37

C) Amine

Question 38

Short Answer: What is a common reaction that occurs with aldehydes?

Answer 38

Oxidation to form carboxylic acids

Question 39

True or False: All functional groups contain carbon.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Fill in the blank: A ______ group is a functional group that can donate a proton.

Answer 40

acidic

Question 41

What type of bonding is typically involved in the formation of functional groups?

Answer 41

Covalent bonding

Question 42

Multiple Choice: Which functional group is characterized by a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom? A) Thiol B) Alcohol C) Ether D) Ketone

Answer 42

A) Thiol

Question 43

Short Answer: What is the functional group present in amides?

Answer 43

Carbonyl bonded to a nitrogen atom

Question 44

True or False: Functional groups can affect the solubility of organic compounds in water.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Fill in the blank: The functional group -COOH is known as a ______ group.

Answer 45

carboxyl

Question 46

What is the role of functional groups in biological molecules?

Answer 46

They determine the behavior and interactions of biomolecules.

Question 47

Multiple Choice: Which functional group is associated with ethers? A) R-O-R' B) R-NH2 C) R-COOH D) R-SH

Answer 47

A) R-O-R'

Question 48

Short Answer: Name one property that can vary due to the presence of functional groups.

Answer 48

Polarity

Question 49

True or False: Functional groups can be involved in the formation of polymers.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The presence of a ______ group generally increases the reactivity of organic compounds.

Answer 50

functional

Question 51

What is the significance of functional groups in medicinal chemistry?

Answer 51

They influence the pharmacological activity of drugs.