Nano And Biomaterial

Question 1

is a material that is intended to interface with the biological system to treat,
evaluate, treat, enhance and replace any organ, tissue or function of the body. They

Answer 1

Biomaterials

Question 2

Metals that are used as a biomaterial should exhibit the following properties:

Answer 2

Metals should have a high resistance to corrosion • Metals should be compatible to the body tissue • Metals should have high resistance to wear.

Question 3

Metals can also be used for

Answer 3

reconstruction of the bone damage such as artificial hip, shoulder, knee and elbow joints.
fracture fixation such as plates, screws, pins, nails and rod.

Question 4

Most metallic material that are used as a biomaterial have a

Answer 4

stable surface oxide layer improves their resistance to corrosion

Question 5

Mettalic Biomaterials

Answer 5

Titanium and its alloys
Stainless Steel
Cobalt–chromium alloys
Nitinol
Tantalum

Magnesium and its Alloys

Question 6

most used polymer for total joint prostheses is the

Answer 6

ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

Question 7

so this material cannot be used or not advisable to use if the implant is requiring to carry large loads.

Answer 7

Polymer

Question 8

Common Polymeric Materials

Answer 8

Polyethylene
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Polylactic Acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA)
Polycaprolactone (PCL)
Polyanhydrides
Polyurethanes
Hydrogels
Nanopolymers
Silicones

Question 9

bone implants to biomedical pumps.

Answer 9

Ceramic

Question 10

are used in structural functions as tissue and joints replacement and also used as a coating to improve the biocompatibility of the metal implants. These

Answer 10

Ceramics

Question 11

The main advantage of the ceramics are their mechanical

Answer 11

their mechanical integrity and their chemical and
physical compatibility in the presence of host or biological environments.

Question 12

of Commonly Used Bioceramics

Answer 12

Alumina (Al2O3)
Bioactive glass
Nanoceramics
Calcium sulfate
Carbon
Calcium phosphates (CaP)

Question 13

Advantageous characteristics of natural material

Answer 13

facilitating cell attachment,
enhance the mechanical properties of synthetic materials and ability to bind and deliver macromolecules

Question 14

List of Commonly Used Natural Biomaterials

Answer 14

Collagen
Elastin
Silk
Chitosan
Celluloae
Alginate
Chondroitin sulfate
Coral
Hyaluronn

Question 15

Used to anchor artificial joints such as hip joints, shoulder, knee and elbow joints.

Answer 15

Bone Cement

Question 16

It is the polymer result of condensation of lactic acid and
glycolyic aci

Answer 16

Artificial Tissue

Question 17

It is a corrective lens placed on the cornea of the eye.

Answer 17

CONTACT LENS

Question 18

It is a device which uses electrical impulses contacting the heart muscles. It

Answer 18

PACEMAKER

Question 19

It is a mechanical device used in order to bridge the time for heart transplantation or to
replace permanently the heart if transplantation is impossible. The

Answer 19

Artificial Hearts

Question 20

Artificial kidney is a device works like a normal kidney.

Answer 20

Kidney Implants

Question 21

This material replaces the joint/ ligaments and allowing the movement of the knee and mobility of the leg.

Answer 21

Knee Implants

Question 22

It is made of corrosion resistant high-strength metal alloys or very high molecular weight
polymers.

Answer 22

Hip-Replacements

Question 23

should be good structure retention, flexible, high fatigue resistance,
adequate burst strength , good handling properties and biostable. It

Answer 23

Vascular Grafts

Question 24

are the common materials used as a replacement for the root portion of the
missing natural tooth

Answer 24

Titanium

Question 25

It is placed in the bone of the lower and upper jaw.

Answer 25

Dental Implants

Question 26

It is made from carbons, elastomers, metals, fabrics and natural valves. It is attached by polyester mesh.

Answer 26

Heart Valve

Question 27

It is made of PMM, silicone elastomer and other materials. After lens is inserted, good vision is restored immediately.

Answer 27

Intraocular Lenses

Question 28

defined as a material where the sized of the individual blocks are less than 100nm.

Answer 28

Nanomaterial

Question 29

Nanomaterials may be zero-dimensional

Answer 29

nanoparticles),

Question 30

one-dimensional

Answer 30

nanorods or nanotubes

Question 31

two-dimensional

Answer 31

(usually realized as thin films or stacks of thin films).

Question 32

Types of NanoMaterials

Answer 32

. Carbon Based Materials 2. Metal Based Materials 3. Dendrimers 4. Composites

Question 33

are composed mostly of carbon. It is in the form of hollow spheres, tubes or ellipsoids.

Answer 33

Carbon based nanomaterials

Question 34

refers to spherical and ellipsoidal carbon nanomaterial while nanotubes refer to the cylindrical ones.

Answer 34

Fullerenes

Question 35

a closely packed semiconductor crystal comprised of hundreds or thousands of atoms, and whose size is on the order of a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers.

Answer 35

Quantum dot

Question 36

are nanosized polymers built from branched units. It has a numerous chain ends, and can be tailored to perform specific chemical functions.

Answer 36

Dendrimers

Question 37

This materials can be useful for drug delivery.

Answer 37

Dendrimers

Question 38

is a combination of nanoparticles with the other nanoparticles or a combination of nanoparticle with lager materials.

Answer 38

Composites

Question 39

is a typical example of ‘top down’ method of synthesis of nanomaterials, where the material is prepared not by cluster assembly but by the structural decomposition of coarser-grained structures as the result of severe plastic deformation.

Answer 39

Mechanical grinding

Question 40

Mechanical milling is typically achieved using

Answer 40

high energy shaker, planetary ball, or tumbler mills.

Question 41

The simplest fashion to produce nanoparticles is by

Answer 41

Furnace by heating the desired material in a heat resistant crucible containing the desired material. T

Question 42

In principle we can classify the wet chemical synthesis of nanomaterials into two broad groups

Answer 42

top down method bottom up method:

Question 43

where single crystals are etched in an aqueous solution for producing nanomaterials,

Answer 43

The top down method:

Question 44

consisting of sol-gel method, precipitation etc. where materials containing the desired precursors are mixed in a controlled fashion to form a colloidal solution.

Answer 44

Bottom up