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NAPLEX Flashcards

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1
Q

Aminophylline conversion

A

Aminophylline x 0.8 = theophylline

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2
Q

Elemental iron in FeSO4

A

20%

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3
Q

1 ppm

A

1 mg/L

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4
Q

1 ppb

A

1 mcg/L

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5
Q

High risk waist size

A

> 40” (men), >35” (women)

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6
Q

BMI formula

A

kg/m2

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7
Q

BMI underweight

A

<18.5

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8
Q

BMI normal

A

18.5-24.9

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9
Q

BMI overweight

A

25-29.9

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10
Q

BMI obese

A

> 29.9

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11
Q

IBW formula (men)

A

50 kg + 2.3 kg for every inch >5 ft

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12
Q

IBW formula (women)

A

45.5 kg + 2.3 kg for every inch >5 ft

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13
Q

SCr normal range

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

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14
Q

BUN:SCr ratio

A

> 20 indicates dehydration

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15
Q

CrCl formula

A

[(140-age)/(72 x SCr)] x kg, x 0.85 if female

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16
Q

CrCl levels

A

<15 = renal failure/dialysis, 15-29 = severe deficiency, 30-59 = moderate, 60-90 = mild

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17
Q

Specific gravity

A

g/mL

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18
Q

BSA formula

A

sq. root of: (cm x kg)/3600

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19
Q

Dextrose kcal

A

3.4 kcal/g

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20
Q

Amino acids kcal

A

4 kcal/g

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21
Q

10% lipid emulsion kcal

A

1.1 kcal/mL

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22
Q

20% lipid emulsion kcal

A

2 kcal/mL

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23
Q

K+ normal range

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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24
Q

Corrected Ca formula

A

Ca + [(4-alb) x 0.8]

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25
Max total Ca & phosphate
45 mEq/L
26
Osmolarity of blood
~300 mOsmol/L
27
Osmolarity formula
mOsmol/L = (g/L)/(MW) x #species x 1000
28
mols formula
mols = g/MW
29
mmols formula
mmols = mg/MW
30
mEq formula
``` mEq = (mg x valence)/MW or mEq = mmols/valence ```
31
mEq of KCl 10% liquid
20 mEq/15 mL
32
Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion
C = (F-32)/1.8
33
Elemental Ca in calcium carbonate
40%; absorption is acid-dependent, so take with food
34
Elemental Ca in calcium citrate
21%; absorption is not acid-dependent, so can be taken with or without food
35
RBC life span
120 days
36
Platelet life span
7-10 days
37
ANC & clozapine
Do not dispense if <2000; normal range is 2200-8000/uL
38
Anion gap formula
[Na+] - [Cl + HCO3]; high is >12 mEq/L
39
pH formula for acid
pH = pKa + log(salt/acid)
40
pH formula for base
``` pH = 14 - pKb + log(base/salt) or pH = pKa + log(base/salt) ```
41
Hydrocodone/APAP
Vicodin, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Zydone (opioid/analgesic)
42
Simvastatin
Zocor (statin)
43
Lisinopril
Zestril, Prinivil (ACEI)
44
Levothyroxine
Synthroid
45
Azithromycin
Zithromax, Z-Pak, AzaSite (macrolide)
46
Amoxicillin
Amoxil, Moxatag (amino-PCN)
47
Amlodipine
Norvasc (CCB)
48
Omeprazole
Prilosec (PPI)
49
Alprazolam
Xanax, Niravam (BZ)
50
Metformin
Glucophage, Glumetza, Riomet, Fortamet (biguanide)
51
HCTZ
Thiazide diuretic
52
Zolpidem
Ambien (hypnotic)
53
Atorvastatin
Lipitor (statin)
54
Furosemide
Lasix (loop)
55
Sertraline
Zoloft (SSRI)
56
Citalopram
Celexa (SSRI)
57
Ibuprofen
Advil, Motrin (NSAID)
58
Oxycodone/APAP
Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet (opioid/analgesic)
59
Prednisone
Deltasone (steroid)
60
Metoprolol tartrate
Lopressor (BB)
61
Tramadol
Ultram, Ryzolt (opioid)
62
Metoprolol succinate
Toprol XL (BB)
63
Atenolol
Tenormin (BB)
64
Gabapentin
Neurontin (anticonvulsant)
65
Fluticasone propionate
Flovent, Flonase (steroid)
66
Montelukast
Singulair (leukotriene inhibitor)
67
Clonazepam
Klonopin (BZ)
68
Cyclobenzaprine
Flexeril (muscle relaxer)
69
Ciprofloxacin
Cipro (FQ)
70
Lorazepam
Ativan (BZ)
71
Clopidogrel
Plavix (ADP inhibitor) | Test for CYP2C19 genotype (converts drug to its active metabolite)
72
Lisinopril/HCTZ
Zestoretic, Prinzide (ACEI/thiazide)
73
Fluoxetine
Prozac, Serefem, Selfemra (SSRI)
74
Amox/Clavulanate
Augmentin
75
Albuterol
ProAir HFA, Ventolin HFA, Proventil HFA (SABA)
76
Warfarin
Coumadin, Jantoven (anticoagulant) | Increased bleeding risk (need lower dose) with VKORC1 gene or 2C19*2/*3 alleles
77
Rosuvastatin
Crestor (statin)
78
Esomeprazole
Nexium (Mg) / Nexium IV (Na) (PPI)
79
SMX/TMP
Bactrim, Septra (sulfonamide)
80
Cephalexin
Keflex (1st Gen Cephalosporin)
81
Pravastatin
Pravachol (statin)
82
Escitalopram
Lexapro (SSRI)
83
Trazodone
Desyrel (triazolopyridine)
84
Meloxicam
Mobic (NSAID)
85
Carvedilol
Coreg (alpha-blocker/beta-blocker)
86
Losartan
Cozaar (ARB)
87
Duloxetine
Cymbalta (SNRI)
88
Fluconazole
Diflucan (azole antifungal)
89
Ranitidine
Zantac (H2RA)
90
Naproxen
Naprosyn, Aleve/Anaprox (sodium) (NSAID)
91
Potassium Chloride
potassium supplement
92
Diazepam
Valium (BZ)
93
Triamterene/HCTZ
Dyazide, Maxzide (K-sparing/thiazide)
94
Oxycodone
Oxycontin (opioid)
95
Pantoprazole
Protonix (PPI)
96
APAP/Codeine
Tylenol #3 (analgesic/opioid) | Extensive 2D6 metabolizers may have exaggerated response
97
Tamsulosin
Flomax (alpha-1 blocker)
98
Doxycycline hyclate
Vibramycin (TCN)
99
Alendronate
Fosamax (bisphosphonate)
100
Valsartan
Diovan (ARB)
101
Paroxetine
Paxil (SSRI)
102
Allopurinol
Zyloprim (xanthine oxidase inhibitor)
103
Vit D
Cholecalciferol (D3), Ergocalciferol (D2 - Drisdol)
104
Amitriptyline
Elavil (TCA)
105
Promethazine
Phenergan (antihistamine)
106
Clonidine
Catapres (alpha-2 agonist)
107
Lovastatin
Mevacor (statin)
108
Venlafaxine
Effexor (SNRI)
109
Bupropion
Wellbutrin, Zyban (antidepressant, smoking cessation)
110
Triamcinolone acetonide
Kenalog, Nasacort, Azmacort (steroid)
111
Carisoprodol
Soma (muscle relaxer)
112
Valsartan/HCTZ
Diovan HCT (ARB/thiazide)
113
Quetiapine
Seroquel
114
Amphetamine salts
Adderall (stimulant)
115
Cefdinir
Omnicef | 3rd Gen Cephaolosporin
116
Valacyclovir
Valtrex (antiviral)
117
Methylprednisolone
Medrol (steroid)
118
Enalapril
Vasotec (ACEI)
119
Pioglitazone
Actos (thiazolidinedione)
120
Lamotrigine
Lamictal (anticonvulsant)
121
Spironolactone
Aldactone (K-sparing)
122
Metronidazole
Flagyl, MetroGel
123
Glimepiride
Amaryl (sulfonylurea)
124
Folic Acid
Folic acid
125
Mometasone furoate
Nasonex (steroid)
126
Topiramate
Topamax (anticonvulsant)
127
Amlodipine/Benazepril
Lotrel (CCB/ACEI)
128
Lisdexamfetamine
Vyvanse (stimulant)
129
Pregabalin
Lyrica (neuropathic pain)
130
Risperidone
Risperdal (antipsychotic)
131
Sildenafil
Viagra, Revatio (PDE-5 inhibitor)
132
Celecoxib
Celebrex (COX-2 inhibitor)
133
Insulin Glargine
Lantus (long-acting)
134
Clindamycin
Cleocin (lincosamide)
135
Temazepam
Restoril (BZ)
136
Tiotropium
Spiriva
137
Penicillin VK
Veetids (natural PCN)
138
Aripiprazole
Abilify
139
Digoxin
Lanoxin, Digitek (cardiac glycoside)
140
Norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol, ferrous fumarate
Loestrin 24 Fe
141
Propranolol
Inderal (non-selective BB)
142
Morphine sulfate
MS Contin (opioid)
143
Ramipril
Altace (ACEI)
144
Glipizide
Glucotrol (sulfonylurea)
145
Isosorbide mononitrate
Imdur (nitrate)
146
Benazepril
Lotensin (ACEI)
147
Tadalafil
Cialis, Adcirca (PDE-5 inhibitor)
148
Fexofenadine
Allegra (antihistamine)
149
Polyethylene Glycol
Miralax (hyperosmotic laxative)
150
Lansoprazole
Prevacid (PPI)
151
Hydroxyzine
Atarax, Vistaril
152
Mupirocin
Bactroban (antibiotic)
153
Buprenorphine/Naloxone
Suboxone (opioid/opioid antagonist)
154
Ezetimibe
Zetia (cholesterol absorption inhibitor)
155
Diclofenac
Voltaren (sodium), Flector (epolamine), Cataflam (potassium) (NSAID)
156
Glyburide
Diabeta, Micronase (sulfonylurea)
157
Sitagliptin
Januvia (DPP4 inhibitor)
158
Nitrofurantoin
Furadantin, Macrodantin (macrocrystals)
159
Sumatriptan
Imitrex (5-HT1 agonist)
160
Phentermine
Suprenza, Adipex (stimulant)
161
Fenofibrate
Tricor (fibric acid)
162
Acyclovir
Zovirax (antiviral)
163
Mirtazapine
Remeron (tetracyclic antidepressant0
164
Donepezil
Aricept (cholinesterase inhibitor)
165
Butalbital/APAP/Caffeine
Fioricet (migraine)
166
Verapamil
Calan (non-DHP CCB)
167
Benzonatate
Tessalon (antitussive)
168
Nystatin
Nystop (antifungal)
169
Estradiol
Climara, Estrace
170
Ondansetron
Zofran (5-HT3 antagonist)
171
Famotidine
Pepcid (H2RA)
172
Promethazine/Codeine
Phenergan w/Codeine (antitussive) | Extensive 2D6 metabolizers may have exaggerated response to codeine
173
Conjugated Estrogens
Premarin
174
Buspirone
Buspar (antianxiety)
175
Ethinyl estradiol/Etonogestrel
Nuvaring
176
Niacin
Niaspan (antihyperlipidemic)
177
Ezetimibe/Simvastatin
Vytorin (cholesterol absorption inhibitor/statin)
178
Olmesartan
Benicar (ARB)
179
Methotrexate
Rheumatrex, Trexall (antimetabolite)
180
Ketoconazole
Nizoral (azole antifungal)
181
Fentanyl
Duragesic (opioid)
182
Tizanidine
Zanaflex (muscle relaxer)
183
Finasteride
Propecia, Proscar (5-alpha reductase inhibtor)
184
Ethinyl Estradiol/Norgestimate
TriNessa, Tri-Sprintec, Ortho Tri-Cyclen
185
Gemfibrozil
Lopid (fibric acid)
186
Nebivolol
Bystolic (BB)
187
Methocarbamol
Robaxin (muscle relaxer)
188
Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters
Lovaza (omega-3 fatty acid)
189
Levetiracetam
Keppra (anticonvulsant)
190
Clobetasol
Clobex (steroid)
191
Meclizine
Antivert, Bonine, Dramamine II
192
Doxazosin
Cardura (alpha-1 blocker)
193
Clotrimazole/Betamethasone
Lotrisone (antifungal/steroid)
194
Chlorhexidine
Hibiclens, Chlorostat (antibacterial)
195
Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol
Gianvi, Ocella, Yaz, Zarah
196
Levofloxacin
Levaquin (FQ)
197
Latanaprost
Xalatan (glaucoma)
198
Methylphenidate
Concerta, Ritalin, Metadate (stimulant)
199
Olmesartan/HCTZ
Benicar HCT (ARB/thiazide)
200
Budesonide/Formoterol
Symbicort (steroid/LABA)
201
Diltiazem
Cardizem, Cartia, Dilacor, Tiazac (non-DHP CCB)
202
Eszopiclone
Lunesta
203
Methadone
Dolophine (opioid)
204
Prednisolone sodium phosphate
Orapred (steroid)
205
Memantine
Namenda
206
Baclofen
Lioresal (muscle relaxer)
207
Medroxyprogesterone
Depo-Provera
208
Ipratropium/Albuterol
Combivent (anticholinergic/SABA)
209
Ropinirole
Requip (anti-parkinsonian)
210
Hydrocortisone
Anusol HC (steroid)
211
Dexlansoprazole
Dexilant (PPI)
212
Dicyclomine
Bentyl (antimuscarinic)
213
4th Gen Cephalosporin
Cefepime
214
5th Gen Cephalosporin
Ceftaroline
215
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Neomycin, Streptomycin
216
Tobramycin/Dexamethasone
Tobradex (AG/Steroid)
217
Carbapenems
Beta-lactams | Doripenem, ertapenem, meropenem
218
Fluoroquinolones
cipro, levo, moxi (Avelox), nor, o, gati
219
Vancomycin
Vancocin (glycopeptide)
220
Ketolide
Telithromycin
221
Lincosamide
Clindamycin
222
Macrolides
Azith, clarity (Biaxin), eryth, fidaxomicin (Dificid)
223
Linezolid
Zyvox (oxazolidinone)
224
PCN-ase resistant PCN's
Diclox, meth, naf, oxa
225
Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) | Zanamivir (Relenza)
226
Sulfonylureas
Chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, glimeparide, glipizide, glyburide
227
Metformin/Glyburide
Glucovance (biguanide/sulfonylurea)
228
DPP4 Inhibitors
Sitagliptin (Januvia), linagliptin (Tradjenta), saxagliptin (Onglyza)
229
Meglitinides
Nateglinide (Starlix) | Repaglinide (Prandin)
230
GLP1 Agonists
Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon) | Liraglutide (Victoza)
231
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone (Actos) | Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
232
Ultra-rapid insulins
Aspart (Novolog) Glulisine (Apidra) Lispro (Humalog)
233
Rapid insulins
Human regular (Humulin/Novolin R)
234
Intermediate insulins
Human isophane (NPH) (Humulin/Novolin N)
235
Long-lasting insulins
Detemir (Levemir) | Glargine (Lantus)
236
5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
Finasteride, dutasteride (Avodart)
237
Fluticasone propionate/Salmeterol
Advair Diskus (steroid/LABA)
238
Type I error
False positive; null is true, but gets rejected
239
Type II error
False negative; null is false, but gets accepted
240
Power
Probability of making a type II error
241
RR
Relative Risk; % treatment / % control
242
RRR
Relative Risk Reduction; 1 - RR
243
ARR
Absolute Risk Reduction; % control - % treatment
244
NNT
1 / ARR
245
OR
Odds Ratio; odds treatment / odds control (odds is the probability of an event occurring compared to it NOT occurring)
246
Discrete Data
Nominal & Ordinal; finite set of values, whole numbers only
247
Continuous Data
Interval & Ratio; infinite set of values
248
Nominal Data
categories (gender)
249
Ordinal Data
Ranked categories, but difference between them is not equal (Likert Scale)
250
Interval Data
Arbitrary zero point (temperature)
251
Ratio Data
Meaningful zero point (height, weight, time)
252
CEA
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis; dollars per x
253
CMA
Cost-Minimization Analysis; cost comparison between two interventions w/same outcome
254
Abacavir
Ziagen | Must test for HLAB*5701 (hypersensitivity)
255
Carbamazepine
Tegretol | Test for HLAB*5702 if Asian (skin reaction)
256
Drugs to avoid w/allergy to soy or peanuts
Combivent, clevedipine (Clevipex), propofol (Diprivan), & progesterone (Prometrium)
257
Drugs to avoid w/allergy to eggs
Clevedipine (Clevipex), propofol (Diprivan), flu vaccine (no longer MMR vaccine)
258
Imipenem/cilastin
Primaxin (beta lactam carbapenem)
259
Opioids that don't cross-react w/morphine type opioid allergy
Fentanyl, meperidine, methadone
260
Naproxen/Esomeprazole
Vimovo (PPI protects gut from damage caused by NSAID)
261
Sumatriptan/Naproxen
Treximet
262
Granisetron
Sancuso (5-HT3 antagonist)
263
REMS for EPO in oncology
APPRISE
264
REMS for isotretinoin
iPLEDGE
265
MTM: DM w/renal disease and/or HTN
ACEI/ARB
266
MTM: s/p MI
BB
267
MTM: chronic high dose steroids
bisphosphonate
268
MTM: HF
BB
269
Black cohosh
Remifenin (used for menopause Sx); Estroven = black cohosh + soy
270
Supplements for breast-fed babies
400 IU Vit-D/day (Poly-Vi-Sol) + 1 mg/kg/day iron from age 4-6 months (Fer-In-Sol)
271
Natural products that increase bleeding risk
DEFFGGGG; dong quai, Vit-E, feverfew, fish oil (>3 g/day), garlic (high dose), ginger (high dose), ginseng, gingko (most significant)
272
Arginine
Lowers BP; additive effect w/BP meds
273
SJW: do not use with...
OCP's, transplant drugs, warfarin
274
Vit E risk
CV risk at >150 IU/day
275
Kava risk
hepatotoxicity (used for anxiety)
276
Lysine
Used for canker sores (aphthous ulcers)
277
SAMe
Used for depression & osteoarthritis
278
Natural products for menopause
Black cohosh, red clover, evening primrose, dong quay (increased INR)
279
NIH recommended calcium intake for women
1000 mg/day (age 19-50), 1200 mg/day (>50)
280
NIH recommendation Vit-D intake for women
600 IU/day (up to age 70), 800 IU/day (>70)
281
Calcium citrate
Citracal (1500 mg tablet has 315 mg elemental calcium - 21%); calcium carbonate has 40% (400 mg elemental calcium in a 1000 mg tablet)
282
B-vitamin names
B1 = thiamine, B3 = niacin, B6 = pyrodoxine
283
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Vit B1 déficience; usually caused by alcoholism
284
Vit-B supplement w/TB meds
B6 25-50 mg/day
285
P-gp substrates
dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxiban (Xarelto)
286
P-gp inhibitors
cyclosporine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, erythromycin, verapamil, SJW
287
Major CYP inducers
PS-PORCS (phenytoin, smoking, phenobarbital, oxcarbazepine, rifampin, carbamazepine, SJW)
288
Major CYP inhibitors
G-PACMAN (grapefruit, PI's (esp. ritonavir), azole antifungals, cimetidine, macrolides, amiodarone, non-DHP CCB's)
289
Amiodarone interactions
QT drugs (TCA's, eryth, other antiarrythmics - decrease dose 30-50% of digoxin, quinidine, procainamide), other negative chronotropes (BB's, non-DHP CCB's), electrolyte abnormalities, grapefruit, ephedra/SJW, warfarin (decrease dose 30-50%), statins (need lower doses of simp, lova, ator only)
290
Azoles w/pH-dependant absorption
Itraconazole (Sporanox) & ketoconazole (Nizoral)
291
Voriconazole
Vfend; CI w/lots of drugs; PO must be taken 1 hr before/after meals
292
Warfarin isomers
S more potent than R; S is a 2C9 substrate
293
Drugs that increase bleeding risk w/warfarin, but don't affect INR
NSAID's, clopidogrel/prasugrel, gingko
294
Drugs that increase K+
ACEI's, ARB's, amiloride, triamterene, K-sparing diuretics, salt substitutes, OCP's w/drospirenone
295
Live vaccines
MMR, varicella, zoster, yellow fever, FluMist
296
5 most common Gram(+)
Staph, Strep, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Listeria
297
Lipophilic ABX
FQ's, macrolides, rifampin, linezolid, TCN's, chloramphenicol
298
Hydrophilic ABX
Beta-lactams, AG's, vancomycin, daptomycin
299
PCN that isn't renally cleared
Nafcillin
300
Cephalosporin that isn't renally cleared
Ceftriaxone
301
FQ's that do get cleared renally
Levo & cipro
302
TCN that does get renally cleared
Tetracycline
303
Macrolides that get cleared renally
none
304
AG's
MOA: protein synthesis inhibitors Concentration-dependant (once daily high dose) Gram(-) coverage
305
PCN's
``` MOA: cell wall synthesis inhibitors Time-dependant Pip & ticar have Psuedomonas coverage Refrigerate Augmentin susp Nafcillin extrav: cold + hyaluronidase ```
306
Ceph's
MOA: cell wall synthesis inhibitors Time-dependant As generations increase, coverage increases vs. Strep & Gram(-), but decreases vs. Staph
307
1st Gen ceph's
Better vs. Staph than Strep | Gram (-) coverage PEK (Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella
308
2nd Gen ceph'a
Gram (-) HNPEK (Haemophilus, Neisseria) Anaerobic B. fragilis Cefotetan can cause disulfiram-like rxn
309
3rd Gen ceph's
Gram (-) HNPEKS (Serratia) | Ceftazidime covers Pseudomonas
310
4th Gen ceph's
Gram (-) HNPEKS + CAPES (Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia)
311
5th Gen ceph
Covers MRSA
312
Carbapenems
``` MOA: cell wall synthesis inhibitors Time-dependant Very broad coverage, but no MRSA, VRE, or C. diff Ertapenem does not cover Pseudomonas High cross-sensitivity w/PCN allergy ```
313
FQ's
MOA: Inhibit topo II & IV Concentration-dependant Cipro & levo better vs. Gram (-) incl. Pseudomonas Moxi beter vs. Gram (+) & anaerobes Avoid Cipro w/seizure disorders & in children <18
314
Macrolides
MOA: protein synthesis inhibitors | Do NOT refrigerate azith/clarith susp, but MUST refrigerate EES susp
315
TCN's
MOA: protein synthesis inhibitors
316
Sulfonamides
MOA: inhibit folic acid synthesis Adult UTI: 1 DS tab BID x 3 days 2C9 inhibitors (caution w/warfarin)
317
Vancomycin
Time-dependant DOC for MRSA Dose: 15-20 mg/kg q8-12h Infuse max 5 mg/mL
318
Cat D ABX
TCN's (bones), AG's, fluconazole, metronidazole (1st trimester), SMX-TMP (3rd trimester), nitrofurantoin (at term)
319
ABX for surgical ppx
Cefazolin or cefuroxime
320
ABX for meningitis
PCN or ceftriaxone
321
ABX for ear infection
High-dose amox/Aug (90 mg/kg/day) q12h
322
ABX for TB
Latent: INH x 9 mos or rifampin x 4 mos Active: Rifampin/INH/pyrazinamide/ethambutol x 4 wks, then INH/rifampin x 18 wks Take INH on empty stomach (it is also a strong CYP inhibitor) Ethambutol causes vision problems
323
ABX for intra-abdominal infection
Ceftriaxone x 5-7 days
324
ABX for Lyme disease
doxycycline
325
ABX for UTI
SMX-TMP or cipro/levo
326
ABX for C. diff
metronidazole + vanco
327
ABX for syphilis
PCN G (Bicillin LA only) 2.4 million units x 1 (if infected for <1 yr; otherwise once a week x 3 wks)
328
ABX for gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM x 1 | If also chlamydia, add azith 1 gm x 1
329
ABX for vaginosis
metronidazole 500 BID x 7 days or gel daily x 5 days
330
Levels for gent/tobra
Peak 5-10, trough <2 | Dose 1-2.5 mg/kg IBW
331
ABX for VRE faecalis
Daptomycin (cannot be used for lung infections); for VRE faecium, use quinupristin-dalfopristin
332
ABX for CAP
macrolide
333
Minocycline
Solodyn, Minocin
334
Rifaximin
Xifaxin (for travelers diarrhea)
335
3 preferred ART regimens
1. NNRTI efavirenz + 2 NRTI's tenofovir & emtricitabine; emtracitabine & tenofovir = Truvada; all three = Atripla 2. PI atazanavir or darunavir (both boosted w/ritonavir) + 2 NRTI's (Truvada) 3. Integrase inhibitor raltegravir + 2 NRTI's (Truvada)
336
Tenofovir + Emtracitabine
Truvada (NRTI's); may cause HBV resistance to develop, or may exacerbate it when D/C this drug; may cause hyperpigmentation of palms/soles, Fanconi's syndrome, renal insufficiency, osteomalacia, & decreased bone density; used as ppx (1 tab daily) for HIV
337
Efavirenz
Sustiva (NNRTI); must take at bedtime on an empty stomach; may cause vivid dreams, suicidal thoughts, mania/depression
338
Protease Inhibitors
All may cause issues w/blood sugar, fat, liver; all are strong 3A4 inhibitors; ritonavir caps must be refrigerated (not tabs)
339
Prevention & treatment of hepatic portal HTN/variceal bleeding
Prevention: non-selective BB's (nadolol, propranolol); treatment: octreotide or vasopressin
340
Treatment for Hep B/C
Interferons (TIW - once a week for pegylated); flu-like side effects; ribavirin & PI's also used for HepC & NRTI's also used for HepB (lamivudine = Epivir HBV)
341
Treatment for hyperthyroid during pregnancy
PTU 1st trimester, then methimazole after (both are Cat D)
342
Children's dose for APAP
10-15 mg/kg q4-6h; max 5 doses/day (same dose for ibuprofen)
343
Ketorolac
Toradol (NSAID); max 5 days, usually post-op (never pre-op)
344
NSAID's w/COX-2 selectivity
celecoxib, meloxicam (Mobic), etodolac (Lodine), nabumetone (Relafen)
345
Morphine + naltrexone
Embeda
346
Tapapentadol
Nucynta; opioid agonist/NE reuptake inhibitor; less GI S/E than other opioids
347
Converting between opioids
Calculate total 24-hr dose of current drug, convert as a ratio based on tables, calculate dose of new drug, & reduce by 25%
348
Drugs that raise blood sugar
Steroids & PI's for sure; niacin, thiazides (high doses only), olanzapine, statins, cyclosporine, tacrolimus
349
Drugs that lower blood sugar
FQ's, BB's, EtOH
350
HTN in DM patients
Goal is s are 1st-line
351
Biguanide
Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet, Glumetza); decreases production of glucose in liver & absorption in intestines; CI w/SCr 1.5 males/1.4 females or CrCl<60; BID w/meals; not to be used w/hypoxia
352
Metformin + glyburide
Glucovance
353
Metformin + sitagliptin
Janumet
354
Sulfonylureas
Chlorpropamide (Diabinese), Glipizide (Glucotrol), Glimepiride (Amaryl), Glyburide (Diabeta, Micronase); stimulate insulin secretion; once daily w/breakfast; hypoglycemia/weight gain
355
Meglitinides
Repaglinide (Prandin), Nateglinide (Starlix); stimulate insulin secretion; hypoglycemia/weight gain; 15-30 min before meals (skip)
356
Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone (Actos), Rosiglitazone (Avandia); increase glucose uptake into peripheral tissue; weight gain; daily with/without food; takes a few weeks
357
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Acarbase (Precose), Miglitol (Glyset); delayed glucose absorption; no weight gain or hypoglycemia; take w/first bite of each meal (skip)
358
DPP-4 inhibitors
Sitagliptin (Januvia), Saxagliptin (Onglyza), Linagliptin (Tradjenta); prevent breakdown of hormones that regulate BG levels; no weight gain; qam with/without food
359
GLP-1 agonists
Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon), Liraglutide (Victoza); cause nausea & pancreatitis; may cause weight LOSS; not for CrCl<30; Byetta 5 mg BID 30 min before meals (NEVER after meal); Bydureon once a week
360
Pramlintide
Symlin; SC injected before each meal (skip); short-acting ("mealtime" insulin dose must be decreased by 50% at first (can cause severe hypoglycemia)
361
Rapid insulin
15 min before meal or after meal; aspart (Novolog), glulisine (Apidra), lispro (Humalog)
362
Short insulin
30 min before meal (NOT after meal); regular (Humulin/Novolin R)
363
Intermediate insulin
1-2 times/day; NPH (Humulin/Novolin N); looks cloudy
364
Long insulin
Bedtime ("baseline"); glargine (Lantus), detemir (Levemir)
365
eAG
Estimated avg glucose | eAG = 28.7 x A1C - 46.7
366
Bisphosphonates
Alendronate (Fosamax), risedronate (Actonel), ibandronate (Boniva), zoledronic acid (Reclast); use for max 3-5 yrs; take first thing in the morning w/full glass of water & stay upright
367
TNF-alpha inhibitors
Biologics for RA; etanercept (Enbrel) once a week; adalimumab (Humira) every 2 wks; infliximab (Remicade) every 8 wks
368
Colchicine
Colcrys for acute gout attack; 1.2 mg, then 0.6 mg 1 hr later; wait 3 days for another round; diarrhea in 80% of pts; for ppx, 0.6 mg daily
369
Loop equivalents
furosemide 40 = bumetanide 1 = torsemide 20
370
ARB's
All are Cat D; valsartan (Diovan), losartan (Cozaar), olmesartan (Benicar), irbesartan (Avapro)
371
ACEI's
All are Cat D; benazepril (Lotensin), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil), ramipril (Altace)
372
Beta-1 selective BB's
atenolol (Tenormin), metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor), metoprolol succinate (Toprol XL)
373
Non-selective BB's
prpranolol (Inderal), carvedilol (Coreg - take w/food), labetalol (Trandate)
374
Clonidine
Catapres (alpha-2 agonist); once a week patch
375
Alpha blockers
doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin); not 1st-line for HTN; mostly for BPH
376
amlodipine + benazepril
Lotrel
377
Losartan + HCTZ
Hyzaar
378
Lisinopril + HCTZ
Zestoretic, Prinzide
379
Statins
Cat X; daytime = ator (Lipitor), prav (Pravachol), rosuv (Crestor), pitav (Livalo); 3A4 metabolized = simv (Zocor), lova (mevacor), ator (Lipitor)
380
simvastatin + ezetemibe
Vytorin
381
Required for HF pts
ACEI + BB; if still symptomatic, add on ARB, aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone, eplerenone/Inspra), or hydrazine/nitrate
382
Treatment for chronic angina
Antiplatelet (ASA or clopidogrel) + antianginal (BB's are 1st-line, CCB's for Prinzmetal's, ranolazine/Ranexa, nitrates)
383
Dosing for angina nitrates
NTG patch: on 12-14 hrs, off 10-12 hrs NTG oint: BID, 6 hrs apart, off for 10-12 hrs Isosorbide mononitrate: BID, 7 hrs apart, when waking up, then 7 hrs later Isosorbide dinitrate: TID w/14-hr dose-free interval (7am, 12pm, 5pm)
384
Enoxaparin dosing
VTE ppx: 30 mg q12 or 40 mg daily (if CrCl<30, 30 mg daily) | Treatment VTE or NSTEMI: 1 mg/kg q12 or 1.5 mg/kg daily (1 mg/kg daily for CrCl)
385
Fondaparinux
Arixtra (CI if CrCl is <30)
386
Dabigatran
Pradaxa (direct thrombin inhibitor)
387
Rivaroxiban
Xarelto (factor Xa inhibitor)
388
Treatment for NSTEMI/unstable angina
MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitrates, ASA) | GAP-BA (GPIIB/IIIa antagonists, anticoagulants, P2Y12 inhibitors, BB's, ACEI's)
389
Treatment of STEMI
MONA + GAP-BA + thrombolytics (alteplase, etc)
390
GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors
abciximab (Reopro), eptifibitide (Integrilin), tirofiban (Aggrastat)
391
P2Y12 inhibitors
clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), ticagrelor (Brilinta - may cause dyspnea; effectiveness reduced by ASA doses >100 mg)
392
PDE-5 inhibitors for PAH
sildenafil (Revatio), tadalafil (Adcirca); relax blood vessels in the lungs
393
Treatment of COPD
Anticholinergic (short-acting ipratropium, long-acting tiotropium) + beta-2 agonists
394
Ipratropium
Atrovent HFA (short-acting anticholinergic)
395
Ipratropium + albuterol
Combivent, DuoNeb
396
Tiotropium
Spiriva (long-acting anticholinergic)
397
Salmeterol
Servent Diskus (LABA)
398
Salmeterol + fluticasone
Advair Diskus
399
Formoterol + budesonide
Symbicort
400
Arformoterol
Brovana (nebs)
401
Roflumilast
Daliresp (PDE-4 inhibitor that reduces inflammation in lungs; used for severe COPD
402
Drugs that cause QT prolongation
Amiodarone, FQ's, macrolides, azoles, PI's, TCA's, SSRI's (esp citalopram), SNRI's, TCA's, ondansetron, antipsychotics
403
Class Ia antiarrythmics
Intermediate-lasting: quinidine (diarrhea, cramps), procainamide (agranulocytosis, lupus-like syndrome), disopyramide (Norpace)
404
Class Ib antiarrythmics
Short-lasting; Lidocaine, mexilitine
405
Class Ic antiarrythmics
Long-lasting: flecainide (Tambocor), propafenone (Rhythmol)
406
Class II antiarrythmics
BB's: esmolol (Brevibloc), propranolol (Inderal)
407
Class III antiarrythmics
Amiodarone (Cordarone), dronedarone (Multaq), sotalol (Betapace), ibutilide (Corvert), dofetilide (Tikosyn)
408
Class IV antiarrythmics
Non DHP CCB's
409
Treatment for asthma in pregnancy
Albuterol & budesonide are DOC's
410
Smoking cessation Rx drugs
Zyban (bupropion SR), Chantix (varenicline)
411
Fluticasone propionate (asthma & allergies)
Flovent & Flonase
412
Mometasone (asthma & allergies)
Asmanex & Nasonex
413
Triamcinolone acetonide (asthma & allergies)
Azmacort & Nasacort AQ
414
Beclomethasone (asthma & allergies)
Beclovent & Beconase
415
Budesonide (asthma & allergies)
Pulmicort & Rhinocort Aqua
416
Dornase alfa
Pulmozyme (nebs used in CF to promote clearance of mucus); pancreatic enzymes also given because mucus obstructs natural flow (take BEFORE meals)
417
Epoetin alfa
Epogen, Procrit; IV/SC TIW
418
Darbopoetin
Aranesp; IV/SC weekly or q2weeks
419
Drug therapy for transplants
Calcineurin inhibitor + steroids +/- Cellcept; NEVER skip doses; no NSAID's or live vaccines; taper prednisone if taking for >7-10 days
420
Mycophenolate mofetil
CellCept (inhibits T-cell proliferation by altering purine synthesis); may cause infection risk, lymphoma, skin cancer, congenital malformations/spontaneous abortions during pregnancy
421
Tacrolimus
Prograf (calcineurin inhibitor); take on empty stomach; may cause hyperglycemia & hair loss; no grapefruit
422
Cyclosporine
Neoral, Gengraf, Sandimmune (calcinuerin inhibitor); may cause HTN, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia
423
mTOR kinase inhibitors
(transplants) sirolimus (Rapamune) & everolimus (Afinitor); may cause peripheral edema & HTN
424
Treatment for Alzheimer's
ACh inhibitors: donepezil (Aricept - also ODT), rivastigmine (Exelon - also patch), galantamine (Razadyne), tacrine (Cognex - hepatotoxic); all may cause N/V & loose stools; memantine (Namenda) may be added on
425
Add-on drugs for depression
buspirone (BuSpar), aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax), quetiapine ER (Seroquel XR)
426
Antidepressants during pregnancy
Preferred are SSRI's (except paroxetine) & TCA's
427
Antidepressants
SSRI's & SNRI's require 2-week washout period w/MAOI (5 wks fluoxetine); need to be taoered off (esp. paroxetine)
428
Fluoxetine
Prozac, Sarafem; causes activation, so take in the morning
429
Paroxetine
Paxil
430
Fluvoxamine
Luvox (only for OCD & SAD)
431
Sertraline
Zoloft
432
Citalopram
Celexa
433
Escitalopram
Lexapro
434
Venlafaxine
Effexor
435
Duloxetine
Cymbalta
436
Desvenlafaxine
Pristiq
437
Amitriptyline
Elavil, Limbitrol (TCA)
438
Doxepin
Sinequan (TCA)
439
Phenelzine
Nardil (MAOI)
440
Selegiline
Emsam patch (TCA for depression); Eldepryl & Zelapar tabs are for Parkinson's
441
Bupropion
Wellbutrin, BUdeprion; DO NOT use w/seizure disorder, bipolar, or anorexia; no sexual dysfunction; max 450 mg/day
442
Mitrazapine
Remeron; take at night (sedating)
443
Clozapine
Clozaril; best efficacy among antipsychotics, but only for pts who don't respond to two others first; may cause agranulocytosis; min WBC 3500, ANC 2000
444
Thioridazine
Mellaril; high risk for QT prolongation
445
Antipsychotics w/weight gain & elevated BG/lipids
clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone
446
Long-acting antipsychotics
Haldol decanoate (IM q4wks), Risperdal Consta (risperidone - q2wks), Invega Sustenna (paliperidone - q4wks)
447
Antipsychotics that come as ODT's
clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, asenapine
448
Antipsychotics w/QT risk
ziprasidone, risperidone, paliperidone, asenapine
449
Olanzapine
Zyprexa
450
Risperidone
Risperdal; may increase prolactin
451
Quetiapine
Seroquel
452
Ziprasidone
Geodon
453
Aripiprazole
Abilify
454
Paliperidone
Invega; may increase prolactin
455
Asenapine
Saphris
456
Treatment for bipolar
Valproic acid (Depakene), divalproex (Depakote), lamotrigine (Lamictal - preferred in pregnancy), lithium (Lithobid), 2nd gen antipsychotics
457
Treatment for PD
Carbo/levo, COMT inhibitor, dopamine agonists, amantadine, anticholinergics, MAO-B's
458
Carbidopa/levodopa
Sinamet (ODT = Parcopa); decreased absorption w/iron & protein-rich foods
459
Entacapone
Comtan (COMT inhibitor); only used with levodopa
460
Levodopa/carbidopa + entacapone
Stalevo
461
Pramipexole
Mirapex (DA agonist); decrease dose if CrCl<60
462
Ropinarole
Requip (DA agonist)
463
Rotigotine
Neupro (DA agonist); 24-hr patch
464
Apomorphine
Apokyn (DA agonist); SC injection rescue for off periods in PD; CI w/ondansetron & all 5-HT3 antagonists due to severe hypotension
465
Selegiline
Eldepryl, Zelapar ODT (MAO-B); only works if taken w/levodopa
466
Rasagiline
Azilect (MAO-B)
467
Methylphenidate
Ritalin, Methylin (chewable), Metadate (CD has beads that dissolve at different rates), Daytrana (patch), Concerta (OROS delivery system)
468
Dexmethylphenidate
Focalin
469
Dextroaphetamine/Amphetamine salts
Adderall
470
Lisdexamfetamine
Vyvanse (can't be injected or snorted, so less abuse potential); can be mixed w/water & drank right away; pro-drug of dextroamphetamine
471
Atomoxetine
Strattera (2nd-line therapy, or if there is fear of abuse)
472
Kapvay
ER formulation of clonidine
473
Modafanil
Provigil
474
Armodafanil
Nuvigil
475
Best BZ's for elderly
Lorazepam, oxazepam, temazepam
476
Zalepion
Sonata
477
Eszopiclone
Lunesta
478
Ramelteon
Rozerem (melatonin receptor agonist)
479
Doxepin ER
Silenor; TCA used for staying asleep
480
Drugs for MS
IFN's (Avenox, Betaseron), glatiramer (Copaxone), natalizumab (Tysabri - q4wks, risk of PML, TOUCH program)
481
Omeporazole + sodium bicarb
Zegarid
482
Misoprostol
Cytotec (cytoprotective agent); Cat X
483
Treatment for BPH
Alpha blockers tamsulosin (Flomax), alfuzosin (Uroxatral - QT prolongation), silodosin (Rapaflo) and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors finasteride (Proscar), dutasteride (Avodart)
484
Methylnaltrexone
Relistor; SC injection that blocks opioid receptors in the gut
485
PUD triple therapy
PPI + 2 ABX (amox + clarith); Prevpac
486
PUD quadruple therapy
PPI + bismuth + metronidazole + TCN
487
Timolol
Timoptic (BB)
488
Levobunolol
Betagan (BB)
489
Travoprost
Travatan Z (PG analog)
490
Dorzolamide
Trusopt (CAI)
491
Brimonidine
Alphagan P (adrenergic)
492
Drugs for itchy eyes
Ketotifen (Zaditor, Alaway), naphazoline (Visine)
493
Azith eyedrops
Azasite
494
Moxiflox eyedrops
Vigamox
495
Cipro eyedrops
Ciloxan
496
Tobramycin eyedrops
Tobrex
497
Cyclosporine emulsion
Restasis (for dry eyes)
498
Minocycline ER
Solodyn (for acne)
499
Imiquimod
Aldara (genital warts)
500
Very high potency steroids
``` Clobetasol propionate (Clobex, Temovate) Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene oint) ```
501
High potency steroids
``` Betamethasone dipropionate (Diprolene cream) Mometasone furoate (Elocon oint) Fluocinonide (Lidex) ```
502
Medium potency steroids
``` Mometasone furoate (Elocon cream) Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenalog) Hydrocortisone valerate (Westcort oint) ```
503
Low potency steroids
Desonide (DesOwen Hydrocortisone valerate (Westcort cream) Fluocinolone acetonide (Derma-Smoothe) Hydrocortisone
504
Mupirocin
Bactroban (minor cuts & burns)
505
Bimatoprost
Latisse (for thinning eyelashes)
506
Docosanol
Abreva (cold sores)
507
Neuromuscular blockade
Succinylcholine (intubation only, depolarizing), rocuronium (Zemuron)
508
Aminocaproic acid
Amicar (for hemostasis)
509
APAP antidote
N-acetylcysteine
510
Warfarin antidote
Phytonadione (AquaMephyton)
511
Antidote for antocholinergics
Physostigmine (Antilirium)
512
Antidote for BZ's
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
513
Antidote for heparin
protamine
514
Antidote for iron
Deferoxamine (Desferal)
515
Cyclophosphamide
alkylator; bladder toxicity (use MENSA)
516
Aromatase inhibitors
anastrazole (Arimidex), exemestane (Aromasin), letrozole (Femara)
517
SERM's
tamoxifen (Nolvadex), raloxifene (Evista), fulvestrant (Faslodex)
518
Anthracyclines
"rubicins" - cardiotoxic; may use dexrazoxane (Zinecard) if doxorubicin will be >300 mg/m2
519
Bevacizumab
Avastin (angiogenesis inhibitor); causes HTN
520
Cisplatin
Platinol; must hydrate vigorously due to nephrotoxicity
521
Mercaptopurine
Purinethol; xanthine oxidase metabolizes it, so allopurinol raises its bioavailability 400-500%
522
capecitabine
Xeloda (prodrug of 5-FU)

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