Nappy bonaparte Flashcards
(29 cards)
Napoleon’s military triumph that resulted in his appointment to army of Italy
13 Vendemiaire Uprising - 5th October 1795 - Royalists shut down with Napoleon’s ‘whiff of grapeshot’
- promoted to general/commander in chief and lead Army of Italy
Ended war of First coalition
Treaty of Campo Formio - 18th October 1797 - against wishes of Directory
Battle of Lodi
10th May 1796 - at Lodi bridge in Italy, attacked the Austrians limiting access to their guns, who did not destroy the bridge despite the French oncoming when they had the chance.
- Austrian counterattack was threatening but arrival of French cavalry pushed Austrians back
- Napoleon highlighted it as big success despite Austrians getting away (Jean-Pierre Beaulieu)
Egyptian Campaign
1st July 1798 landed in egypt - attempt to threaten british trade routes w/ india
- immediate success defeating Mamalukes at Battle of Pyramids.
- defeat at Aboukir indicated failure to Napoleon who abandoned his now diseased and dying soldiers to chaos in france
- still seen as evidence of his military success despite failure of campaign
War of 2nd Coalition
1798–1802
-2nd war on revolutionary France by European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples, various German monarchies and Sweden.
coup of 18 Brumaire
9th November - 1799 - overthrew directory with Sieyes
- entered house of legislative 500, accused them of violation of the constitution
- supported by brother Lucien (deputy on council of 500)
- 3 man triumvirate consulate established
Became First Consul
after coup of Brumaire - eventually becoming consul for life and manipulating power for himself
Bank of France Founded
18th January 1800 - created to restore confidence in French Banking
- founded partly with state funds but mainly private capital
- made task of raising finance far easier - something lacked by ancien regime
Battle of Marengo
14th June 1800 - 2nd coalition battle between France and Austria
- narrow victory
- 28,000 troops vs Gen. Melas’ 31,000
- close fail as Napoleon misread Melas full scale assault
- urgently sent french divisions to Marengo
- Melas retreated and assuming victory left in command of chief of Staff, Anton Zach
- french help arrives under Dessaix (died), counterattack - french pressure and chance Austrian explosion allowed full on offence by French
- Austria forced to retreat and Lombardy taken by French
Failed assassination on Napoleon
1800
Concordat with Pope
1801 - sought reconciliation with french church and pope following the revolution
- Church recognised rev and agreed to not regain lands
- Church to be state controlled with its clergy appointed and paid by gov - had to swear loyalty
- toleration of other faiths such as Jews allowed
Peace of Amiens - end of Revolutionary wars
25th March - 1802 - peace between France and Britain but only lasted a year til 18th May 1803
Tribunate purged for opposing the Civil Code
1802
Plebiscite confirmed Napoleon as First Consul for Life
2nd August 1802 - likely rigged election that showed 99.7% approval for Napoleon to be consul for life - bs
Britain declared war on France - start of Napoleonic wars and War of Third Coalition
1803 - Britain declare as Napoleon plans to invade (destroyed at battle of Trafalgar) leads to Third Coalition in 1805
Execution of Duc d’Enghein
21st March 1804 - relative of Bourbon monarchs of France - executed for plotting with Britain against France
Civil Code 1
21st March 1804 - Legal System - both liberal and illiberal, upholding and undermining ideals of Rev
UPHOLDING:
- common law - citizens to have civil rights
- judges to be guided by law
- legal rights of those who had bought old church and noble land could not be challenged
- system of inheritance - partage - didn’t have to give lands to eldest son
- fuedalism abolished (confirmation)
- privileges of Catholic Church removed
Civil Code 2 (less liberal reforms)
- Slavery in colonies permitted
- Considerable authority given to males in household - women and children expected to obey - unfaithful or disobedient could be imprisoned
- Married women could not own property
- Divorce requirements differed for women. Women could file based on grounds that woman was actually brought into the house
- Husbands custody over children - overall very patriarchal
Napoleon crowned Emperor
2nd December 1804 - crowned himself Emperor of the French
Napoleon crowned king of Italy in Milan
May 26th - 1804
Third Coalition Formed
The War of the Third Coalition - European conflict, 1803 to 1806.
-during war France and its client states under Napoleon I defeated an alliance, the Third Coalition, made up of the Holy Roman Empire, Russia, Britain and others.
Battle of Trafalgar - defeat
October 21st - 1805 - 33 ships (french & spanish) vs Nelson with 27 ships
- shattered Napoleons plans to invade England and it was a complete failure for French
- confirmed the British Naval supremacy for 100 years
Battle of Ulm
25th September - 20th October 1805 - Major strategic triumph for Napoleon
- had 210,000 men against 72,000 Austrians (gen. Mack)
- massed grand army to annihilate Mack before the Russians arrived after concentrating the battle in Germany
- Mack didn’t expect that many troops
- Grand Army, moved on Mack’s rear along Danube and cut his lines of retreat eastward.
- several battles took place in which large numbers of Austrian troops were captured. Napoleon forced the main Austrian body to retire into Ulm -15th oct. 16th, French artillery fired on town
- Mack saw troops in no condition to stand a siege Russian reinforcements arrived. Surrendered - 20th - Russians still 100 miles away. Austrian prisoners captured - approx 50,000- French losses were insignificant.
Battle of Austerlitz
December 2nd 1802 - Battle of Three emperors -greatest victory - 68,000 french defeated almost 90,000 Russians and Austrians nominally under Kutuzov
- Austria peace with France (Treaty of Pressburg) and kept Prussia temp. out of anti-French alliance.
- napoleon was pretty skilled u must revise details here saz (too much to fit)
