nas 2

Question 1

Which of the following are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

protons

Question 2

The electrons

Answer 2

determine how the atom will chemically bond

Question 3

A cation is a

Answer 3

positively charged ion

Question 4

The type of bond produced when two atoms share electrons unequally is called a

Answer 4

polar covalent bond

Question 5

The type of bond found between two polar molecules is called a(n)

Answer 5

hydrogen bond

Question 6

Water cannot easily interact with which of the following?

Answer 6

non-polar covalent molecules

Question 7

Water is a(n)

Answer 7

polar covalent molecule

Question 8

In a solution, the substance being dissolved is the

Answer 8

solute

Question 9

A substance with a pH lower than 7.0 would be considered

Answer 9

acid

Question 10

Which of the following is a substance that resists pH change?

Answer 10

buffer

Question 11

The chemical reaction that combines monomers is called a(n)

Answer 11

dehydration reaction

Question 12

The main function of triglycerides is to

Answer 12

store energy

Question 13

Amino acids are the monomer for

Answer 13

proteins

Question 14

Glucose is an example of a

Answer 14

monomer of a carbohydrate

Question 15

The type of polysaccharide the human body can produce is

Answer 15

glycogen

Question 16

A common form of potential energy can be found

Answer 16

within chemical bonds

Question 17

In the equation A + B -> AB, AB is the

Answer 17

product

Question 18

A(n) ________ acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

Answer 18

enzyme

Question 19

A protein can be denatured (structure permanently changed) by all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 19

low temperature

Question 20

The energy molecule that a cell can use to do cellular work such as muscle contractions is

Answer 20

ATP

Question 21

Anaerobic cellular respiration produces

Answer 21

lactic acid

Question 22

Which organelle is necessary for aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 22

mitochondria

Question 23

The only use of O2 in the human body is to produce ATP.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The energy released during cellular respiration is used

Answer 24

to add a phosphate (P) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to make ATP

Question 25

The first phase of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, does not use oxygen, and is called:

Answer 25

glycolysis

Question 26

Which of the following is the smallest unit that is living and is the foundational unit of anatomy and physiology?

Answer 26

cell

Question 27

ribosome

Answer 27

is the site of ATP production

Question 28

lysosome

Answer 28

digests unwanted cellular debris

Question 29

The cellular membrane is composed mostly of

Answer 29

phospholipids

Question 30

Which of the following will increase the surface area of a cell for absorption and secretion?

Answer 30

microvilli

Question 31

Which of the following cell surface extensions functions to aid in moving a substance past a cell?

Answer 31

cilia

Question 32

Which cell junction strongly joins two cells together and are similar to rivets or buttons?

Answer 32

desmosomes

Question 33

Diffusion across a membrane is when

Answer 33

a substance moves from high concentrations of that substance to low concentrations of that substance across a cellular membrane.

Question 34

Which of the following can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Answer 34

proteins

Question 35

If there is a high concentration of Na+ in the ECF and a low concentration in the ICF, which way would Na+ move if a Na+ channel opened?

Answer 35

Na+ would move into the cell

Question 36

If a cell were placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell would

Answer 36

crenate (shrink)

Question 37

1. Which of the following is true for active transport?

Answer 37

It moves a substance from an area of lower concentration into higher concentration, requires ATP, and a membrane protein.

Question 38

Which of the following will result in creation of a concentration gradient?

Answer 38

Pumps (active transport)

Question 39

Which process does a cell use to engulf large substances?

Answer 39

endocytosis

Question 40

Mitosis is important for

Answer 40

tissue growth, cell replacement, and tissue repair

Question 41

Production of mRNA from DNA takes place in the

Answer 41

nucleus and is called transcription

Question 42

How many pairs of chromosomes does a normal, healthy human have?

Answer 42

23

Question 43

____________ refers to different forms of the same gene. Each form codes for a slightly different protein.

Answer 43

allele

Question 44

__________ refers to a physical characteristic that is expressed by genes.

Answer 44

phenotype

Question 45

A human with one dominant allele and one recessive allele would have a

Answer 45

heterozygous genotype

Question 46

A human with one dominant allele and one recessive allele would express

Answer 46

recessive phenotype

Question 47

A sex-linked trait is one that

Answer 47

is located on either the X or Y chromosome

Question 48

Inheritance of several characteristics (such as freckles and dimples) follows set patterns called

Answer 48

mendelian inheritance

Question 49

ABO blood types is an example where more than one protein can be expressed at a time. This is called

Answer 49

codominance

Question 50

During meiosis, if non-disjunction occurs and a fetus has an extra chromosome,

Answer 50

the fetus is likely to have severe consequences