NASAL CAVITIES AND PARANASAL SINUSES

Question 1

How does the nasal cavity open anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 1

ANT-via the nostrils and nares
POST-through the choanae

Question 2

Define a vestibule?

Answer 2

It is the dilation inside aperture of each nostril, lined with skin with hairs,sebaceous and sweat glands.

Question 3

What does a vestibule consist of?

Answer 3

Skin with hairs, sebaceous and sweat glands.

Question 4

What is a conchae?

Answer 4

A structure shaped like a shell, could be parts of the ethmoid bone or could be a separate bone.

Question 5

What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Answer 5

It is formed by the nasal,frontal,the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and the sphenoid bone.

Question 6

What makes the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

The palatine processes of the maxillary bones and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone.

Question 7

What is contained in the floor of the nasal cavity and what passes through it?

Answer 7

Incisive foramen
Nasopalatine and sphenopalatine artery.

Question 8

What makes the medial wall of the nasal septum?

Answer 8

1.Septal Cartilage
2.Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
3.Vomer
4.Processes of the maxilla,palatine,frontal sphenoid and the nasal bones.

Question 9

What makes up the lateral wall of the basal cavity?

Answer 9

1.Frontal process and nasal surface of the maxilla
2.lacrimal bone
3.Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
4.Medial pterygoid plates of the sphenoid
5.Nasal bone
6.Superior and inferior nasal conchae

Question 10

What structures and openings are found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 10

1.Sphenoethmoidal recess-opening of the sphenoid sinus
2.The superior meatus-opening of the posterior ethmoidal sinus
3.The middle meatus-Hiatus semilunaris -opening of the maxillary sinus and the anterior ethmoidal sinus.The ethmoidal bulla-opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus and the infundibulum-opening of thefrontonal sinuses
4.The inferior meatus-opening of the nasolacrimal duct.
5. Sphenopalatine foramen-opening of the pterygopalatine fossa

Question 11

What is transmitted through the sphenopalatine foramen?

Answer 11

Nasopalatine nerve
Sphenopalatine artery

Question 12

What are the subdivisions of the nasal cavities?

Answer 12

1.Vestibule
2.Respiratory region
3.Olfactory region

Question 13

What bounds the vestibule?

Answer 13

Alar plate

Question 14

What part of the nasal cavity does the respiratory region consist of ?

Answer 14

Lower third

Question 15

Function of the respiratory region?

Answer 15

Warms,moistens and filters air with mucous membrane

Question 16

What does the olfactory region consist of ?

Answer 16

The superior nasal concha and the upper third of the nasal septum.

Question 17

What innervates the olfactory region?

Answer 17

The olfactory nerves?

Question 18

Describe the blood supply of the nasal cavity?

Answer 18

REFER TO HANDOUT

Question 19

Which main arteries supply the nasal cavity?

Answer 19

1.Opthalmic artery
2.Maxillary artery
3.Facial artery

Question 20

Branches of the maxillary artery?

Answer 20

The posterior lateral nasal and septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery.

Question 21

Branches of the ophthalmic artery?

Answer 21

anterior and posterior branches of the ethmoidal arteries on lateral wall.

Question 22

Branches of the facial artery?

Answer 22

REFER TRI HANDOUT.

Question 23

What do the lymphatics of the nasal cavity drain into?

Answer 23

1.Submandibular lymph nides
2.Retropharyngeal nodes
3.Deep Cervical nodes then into jugular trunks

Question 24

Nerve supply of the nasal cavity?

Answer 24

1.Olfcarory nerve-for olfaction
2.Maxillary and ophthalmic nerve via the pterygopalatine ganglion; infraorbital nerve

Question 25

What are the major paranasal sinuses?

Answer 25

Maxillary,ethmoidal,frontal and sphenoidal

Question 26

Where do the paranasal sinuses open onto?

Answer 26

Meatuses of lateral nasal wall Sphenoethmoid recess

Question 27

Where are the ethmoidal air cells found?

Answer 27

In the ethmoidal labyrinth between the orbit and nasal cavity.

Question 28

Where is the frontal bone found?

Answer 28

in the frontal bone?

Question 29

What innervates the frontal sinus?

Answer 29

Ophthalmic nerve-supraorbital branch

Question 30

What is the largest sinus?

Answer 30

Maxillary

Question 31

Where does the maxillary sinus lie?

Answer 31

In the maxillary bone lateral to nasal cavity and inferior to the floor of the orbit.

Question 32

Where does the sphenoid sinus lie?

Answer 32

in the sphenoid bone

Question 33

What nerve innervates the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 33

maxillary nerve

Question 34

What lies above the sphenoidal sinus?

Answer 34

the pituitary gland

Question 35

How can the pituitary gland be removed in relation to sinuses

Answer 35

Through a transsphenoidal approach

Question 36

What is a sneeze?

Answer 36

Involuntary expulsion of air through the mouth and nose.

Question 37

Which nerve is responsible for a sneeze?

Answer 37

Maxillary nerve

Question 38

What is epistaxis?

Answer 38

Nose bleed from the rupture of blood nasal vessels like the sphenopalatine artery.

Question 39

What is a nasal polyp?

Answer 39

An inflammatory polyp from sinuses can project into the nasal cavity and may fill nasopharynx.

Question 40

What is rhinoplasty?

Answer 40

Type of plastic surgery changes shape and size of nose

Question 41

Where can maxillary sinusitis spread to?

Answer 41

Upper teeth causing a toothache