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ANT 1001 Lecture > Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the nasal airway?

A
  1. Nasal Cavity
  2. Nasopharynx
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2
Q

The nasal air way is large, the nose only makes up ____ of total volume.

A

30%

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3
Q

Explain the 3 major thing that the nose and the nasal airway does?

A
  1. Nose is portal of the airway (carborator)
  2. Warms & humidifies air
  3. Filters air
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4
Q

How much does the nose warm and humidify the air?

A
  • Warms to 90 degrees
  • Humifies air to 80%
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5
Q

What does the paranasal sinuses relaease into the air being inhaled?

A
  • Release NO from sinuses gas into inspired air.
  • NO is a vasodialator that enhanced O2 uptake by blood
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6
Q

How is mouth breating bad?

A

Inspired air is not able to be warmed or humidified* *and this results in 10% less Oxygen extraction **from air once it reaches the lungs.””

  • Also no maintainence of homeostatic balance
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7
Q

Mouth breathing leads to snoring is caused by what? Severe cases of this results in?

A

Snoring-> upper air way resistance= sleep apnea.

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8
Q

What is dark red

A

Nasal Inferior Turbinates

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9
Q

What is blue

A

Nasal Valve

area not structure

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10
Q

What is at the midline of the nose?

A

Columbella

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11
Q

Soft tissue beginning of the of the nasal cavity

A

Columbella

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12
Q

What are the two rims on the outside of the nose?

A

Alar rim

External nasal Valves

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13
Q

What is the light pink?

A

Nasal septum

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14
Q

Explain caudal maneuver

A

Putting fingers on either sid of the nose and breathing. Nasal dialation

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15
Q

What turbinate can you see when doing the caudal maneuver?

Putting fingers at corners of nose and breath to see.

A

Inferior turbinate

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16
Q

What is the concha?

A

Cartilagionous portion below the turbinate, it forms it.

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17
Q

Anteriorly and posteriorly walls of the nose

A

Choane

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18
Q

What functions as the demarcation betweent he nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

Posterior Choane

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19
Q

What 2 things demarcate the nasal valve?

A
  1. Inferior turbinate laterally
  2. septum medially
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20
Q

What do you analyze when looking at nasal breathing? open and closed

A

Nasal Valve

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21
Q

How many turbinantes in nasal cavity?

concha

A

Three
1. SUperior
2. Middle
3. Inferior turbinates

concha

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22
Q

What is found directly posterior to the posterior choane?

A

Pterygoid Plexus 4

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23
Q

What kind of cells line ther turbinates?

A

Cilliated collumnar epithelium; help filter air!

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24
Q

What is the size of the inferior turbinate?

A

Longest & largest, size of indec finger

middle then superior smallest

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25
Q

Explain Allergic Shiners

A

Pathneumoic of someone that doesnt breath well through the nose. Swelling can be noted externally

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26
Q

What does the inferior turbinate do?

A
  • directs air flow
  • Filters air
  • warms
  • humidifies

Largest

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27
Q

What does the middle turbinate do?

A
  • Protects the opening of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses
  • Fx as buffer to protect sinuses from pressurized air flow
28
Q

What does the superior turbinate do?

A

Protect olfactory bulbs.

29
Q

Compare these nasal turbinates

A

Picture on the right has normal, picture on the right has inflamed turbinates obstructing air flow.

30
Q

Openings within the nasal area that allows the sinuses to drian into that area. Tucked under turbinates

A

Middle Nasal Meatus

31
Q

What bone forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bone

32
Q

What bone seperates the nasal cavity of the septum

A

Vomer

33
Q

What does a narrow dental arch and high paletal vault result in?

A

A deviated septum due to upward compression on the vomer.

34
Q

Where is the sphenoid in relation to the nasal cavity

A

Form the layeral walls of the nasal cavity

35
Q

Explain the ethmoid bone

A
  • Thin fragile bone forming roof of nasal cavity
  • Contains ethmoid sinuses
  • Runs up and unite with the base of the skull
36
Q

What 3 pairs of bone form the roof (boney part) of the nose?

A
  • Frontal (nasal process)
  • Maxilla (frontal process & palatine pocess)
  • Nasal Bone
37
Q

What 3 cartilage forms the dorsum and apex of the nose?

A
  1. **Lateral **nasal (sides)
  2. Septal(Internal, by septum)
  3. Alar (Lateral crus (ext.) and medial crus (internal) )
38
Q

What are the 2 types of nerve innervation of the nose?

A
  1. Olfaction (olfactory nerve CN1)
  2. Sensation (Opthalmic CN5V1 and Maxillary CN5V2)
39
Q

What 3 branches of nasal innervatio does the opthalmic CN5V1 give rise to?

A
  1. Lacrimal
  2. Frontal
  3. Nasocilliary
40
Q

where does the opthalmic nerve exit throguh?

A

Superior orbital fissure

41
Q

Branches of ophalmic CN5V1

Whay branch 2 branches does the nasocilliary branch give off and where do they Innervate?

A

1. Infratrochlear= superior aspect of external nose
2. External nasal nerve= sensation to nasal tip, medial aspect of alar rim, dorsum of nose

42
Q

Branches of Maxillary CN5V2

What are 4 branches off CN5V2 that come off to innevate bilaterally to dorsum and alar rim area of nose?

A
  1. Infraorbital N. (below eye side of nose)
  2. Posterior Superior Alveolar (teeth)
  3. Zygomatic (side of eyes and temple)
  4. Sphenopaletine Ganglion (coalesence of variety of nerve, pass through and split)
43
Q

What is the spehnopalatine gaglion?

A

Come off the maxillary nerve, located in the pterygopaletine fossa. Anesthetation of this reduces facial sensation pain.

44
Q

What nerves provides motor innervation of the muscle of the nose?

A

Facial CN7

45
Q

Muscles of Nasal Group

What are the 3 muscles of the Nasal group

A
  1. Nasalis
  2. Procerus
  3. Depressor septi Nasalis

All work in concert with facial muscle wriggle nosem, open nostrils, etc

46
Q

Muscles of Nasal Group

Explain the Nasalis muscle (parts & function)

A

Flare the nares; nostrils
* Transverse Part; compress the nares
* Alar Part; open nares

47
Q

Muscles of Nasal Group

Explain the Procerus muscle (parts & function)

A
  • Btwn brows
  • Draws medial boarder of eyebrown downward
48
Q

Muscles of Nasal Group

Explain the Depressor septi nasi muscle (parts & function)

A
  • Attch to upper septum of nose & top of lip
  • Assit in widening nares
  • Pull nose inferiorly
49
Q

Opening of nose=
Area inside naris before the turbinates=

A
  • Naris= nostrils
  • Nasal Vestibule= area
50
Q

What are the 3 major vascular supply of the nose and where do they stem from?

A
  1. Opthalmic A; ICA
  2. Maxillary A; ECA
  3. Facial A; ECA
50
Q

What are the 4 branches off the Opthalmic artery. Where do each supply?

A
  1. Supraorbital; supply medial over eye
  2. Supratrochlear; supply lateral over eye
  3. Dorsal Nasal; supply lateral top part of nose
  4. External Nasal branch; supply side of nose lower
51
Q

What is the 1 branch off the maxillary artery that supplies the nose?

A

infraorbital Artery

52
Q

What are the 4 branches off the Facial Artery. Where do each supply?

A
  1. Lateral nasal supply lateral and tip of lower nose
  2. Columellar; supply alar rim
  3. Angular supply base around nose
  4. Superior Labial; supply lower tip of nose and upper lip
53
Q

What is located below the where the internal carotid artery enters the skull? Directly behind nasal cavity

A

Sphenoidal sinus

54
Q

Explain what 3 arterys supply blood to each turbinate

A
  1. Anterior ethtmoidal= superior
  2. Posterior ethmoidal= middle
  3. Sphenopaletine= inferior
55
Q

The anastemosis of the arteries:
1. Anterior ethtmoidal
2. Posterior ethmoidal
3. Sphenopaletine
4. Superior labia;
5. greater palatine
results in formation of whay located in the anterior portion of nasal cavity?

A

Kiesselbach’s Plexus
orgin of nosebleeds

56
Q

Venous Drainage of nasal cavotuty

  • Anterior ethmoidal vein
  • Posterior ethmoidal vein
    Go into:
    ____ vein
    which drain where?
A

Into Sphenopaletine vein which drains into Pterygoid plexus!

57
Q

Where does the blood form the pterygoid plexus go?

A

Drains into the retromandibular vein which goes to the External Jugular vein

58
Q

What vein drains directly into the ICJ?

A

Facial Vein

59
Q

What veins connect pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus?

A

Emissary Veins

60
Q

What is the purpose of nasal sinuses?

A

Hold air cells so skull doesnt have to weigh as much!

61
Q

What are the 4 nasal sinuses?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Maxillary Sinus (biggest)
  4. Sphenoid Sinus
62
Q

Where do nasal sinuses drain?

A

Drain into nasal cavity
Between the middle and superior turbinates

63
Q

Small duct that runs from the medial portion of inferior orbit to the superior nasal cavity

A

Lacrimal Gland

64
Q

How does dry eye work?

A

Lacrimal gland is draining all fluid out of via the nasolacrimal duct into the sinuses. They have sinus issses; congestion.

you can plug the lacrimal duct and stop dry eye

65
Q

Where are adenoids located?

A

Nasopharynx

ANT 1001 Lecture (16 decks)

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