Nasal Cavity

Question 1

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Modifies air- warms, humidifies and filters

Sense smell

Question 2

What are the Choanae?

Answer 2

Posterior nares in the skull

Question 3

What are the three nasal cartilages?

Answer 3

Septal cartilage with fused lateral nasal cartilages

Alar cartilages - surround the medial side fo the nostrils

Question 4

What are the Nasal conchae or turbinates?

Answer 4

Projections that increse surface area

Question 5

What is the meatus?

Answer 5

Space below the nasal conchae

Superior, Middle, and Inferior below the respective concha

Question 6

What are the floor boundaries of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Maxillary bone - palatine process

Palatine bone - horizontal plate

*The floor is the palate

Question 7

What are the roof boundaries of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Nasal bone

Frontal bone

Ethmoid (Cribriform plate)

Sphenoid

Question 8

What are the medial boundaries of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Septal Cartilage

Ethmoid (perpendicular plate)

Vomer

Question 9

What can occur form a nose fracture?

Answer 9

Can break Cribriform plate and leak CSF from the nose

Can result in meningitis

Question 10

What is the lateral wall of the nasal cavity made up of?

Answer 10

Nasal bone

Maxillary

Inferior concha

Palatine

Ethmoid

Sphenoid

Question 11

Where is the spheno-thmoidal recess?

Answer 11

Above the Superior Concha

Question 12

What openings are located int eh sphenoiethmoidal recess?

Answer 12

Olfactory Foramina

Sphenoid air sinus

Question 13

What opening is located in the superior meatus?

Answer 13

Posterior ethmoidal air cells

Question 14

What openings are located within the middle meatus?

Answer 14

Middle ethmoidal air cells - bulla

Anterior ethmoidal air cells - hiatus semilunaris

Maxillary sinus - hiatus semilunaris

Frontal sinus - infundibulum

Question 15

What opening is located in the inferior meatus?

Answer 15

Opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Question 16

What nerves are located within the nasal cavity and what are their functions?

Answer 16

Olfactory nerve - smell

Trigeminal - general sensation

Facial - visceral motor parasympathetic (mucous glands by pterygopalatine ganglion)

Question 17

What branches of the trigeminal nerve innervate the nasal cavity?

Answer 17

V1 - anterior ethmoidal nerve

V2 - Nasal branches

V2 - Nasopalatine nerve

Question 18

What arteries provide blood to the nasal cavity?

Answer 18

Sphenopalatine artery - from mxillary

Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal arteries from the ophthalmic artery

Branches of the facial artery

Question 19

What veins drain from the nasal cavity?

Answer 19

Ethmoidal vein drain to ophthalmic vein

Branches to pterygoid venous plexus

Facial vein

Question 20

Why can epistaxis be extensive?

Answer 20

The anastomoses located within the nasal cavity

Spurting if arterial

Question 21

What are the lymphatic nodes within the nasal cavity?

Answer 21

Retro-pharyngeal nodes

Question 22

What are the paranasal air sinuses?

Answer 22

Air filled extensions of the nassal cavity

All paired, develop after birth, lined by mucous membrane

Serve to lighten bones

Question 23

What are the names of the three paranasal air sinuses?

Answer 23

Frontal - separate by spetum, variable

Ethmoid - also called air cells (ant. mid. post.)

Sphenoid - in body of sphenoid bone

Question 24

Describe the maxillary sinus.

Answer 24

Largest sinus that occupies the entire body of the maxilla

Question 25

Why can the maxillary sinus be damaged by tooth extraction?

Answer 25

Roots of maxillary teeth are in the floor of the sinus

Question 26

Why can an infected sinus feel like a tooth ache?

Answer 26

Anterior and Posterior superior alveolar nerves supply the maxillary sinus and teeth

Question 27

What is posterior cleft palate?

Answer 27

Failure of fusion of the maxillary processes on both sides

Question 28

What is anterior cleft palate?

Answer 28

Failure of fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary process *Same as cleft lip

Question 29

What is the soft palate?

Answer 29

Collection of muscles with a central aponeurosis (tendon) Functions as a flap valve closes off nasopharynx during swallowing

Question 30

What arteries supply blood to the palate?

Answer 30

Descending palatine artery - Divides to greater Pal. A. (to hard palate) and Lesser Pal. A. (to soft) Sphenopalatine artery Ascending palatine artery (from facial)

Question 31

What is the innervation of the palate?

Answer 31

Greater palatine N. and Nasopalatine N. to hard palate Lesser Palatine N. to soft All from V2**

Question 32

What are the palatine tonsils?

Answer 32

Lymphoid tissue in oropharynx between palatglossal and palatpharyngeal arches