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Anatomy (Neck and Head) > Nasal Cavity and Ear > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity and Ear Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Name the 3 cartilages of the nose

A
  1. Lateral
  2. Alar
  3. Septal
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2
Q

What is the name for the opening to the nasal cavity

A

Piriform aperture

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3
Q

What is the name for the internal, most posterior window of the nasal cavity

A

Choanae

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4
Q

Which 4 bones comprise the roof of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Nasal bones
  2. Frontal bone
  3. Ethmoid
  4. Sphenoid
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5
Q

Which 2 bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Maxillae

2. Palatine bones

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6
Q

Which 6 bones comprise the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Lacrimal
  3. Superior nasal concha (Ethmoid)
  4. Middle nasal concha (Ethmoid)
  5. Inferior nasal concha
  6. Palatine
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7
Q

Which 5 bones make up the medial walls of the nasal cavity

A
  1. Maxilla
  2. Septal cartilage
  3. Perpendicular plate (Ethmoid)
  4. Vomer
  5. Palatine
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8
Q

Which 3 bones form the Choanae

A
  1. Vomer
  2. Palatine
  3. Sphenoid
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9
Q

What is the name for the area between the roof of the nasal cavity and the superior nasal conchae

A

sphenoethoidal recess

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10
Q

What are the names for the spaces between the concha

A

superior, middle, and inferior meatus

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11
Q

Frontal sinuses drain via ___ into ____

A

frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus

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12
Q

Ethmoidal sinuses drain into ______

A
  • middle meatus

- superior meatus

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13
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses drain into ________

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

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14
Q

Maxillary sinuses drain into ______

A

semilunar hiatus of middle meatus

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15
Q

Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Ethmoidal
  3. Maxillary
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16
Q

Which nerves innervate the hard palate and maxillary gingivae?

A
  1. Nasopalatine nerves (CN V2)

2. Greater palatine nerves (CN V2)

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17
Q

What does the nasopalatine nerve (CN V2) innervate?

A
  1. Posterior nasal septum
  2. Hard palate
  3. Maxillary gingiva
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18
Q

When is the soft palate in contact with the tongue?

A

Depression, e.g. while breathing only through nose

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19
Q

When is the soft palate in contact with the posterior wall of pharynx?

A

Elevation, e.g. when swallowing

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20
Q

What is the action of levator veli palatini?

A

elevate the soft palate (important for swallowing)

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21
Q

What innervates levator veli palatini?

A

Vagus CN X

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22
Q

Tensor veli palatini innervation

A

mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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23
Q

Palatoglossus action

A
  1. depress soft palate

2. Elevate tongue

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24
Q

Palatoglossus innervation

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

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25
Palatopharyngeus action
tense the soft palate
26
Palatopharyngeus innervation
Vagus nerve (CN X)
27
Which muscles tense the soft palate?
1. Tensor veli palatini (CN V3) | 2. Palatopharyneus (CN X)
28
Which mucosal arch is most anterior?
palatoglossal arch
29
Which mucosal arch is most posterior?
palatopharyngeal arch
30
What structure is inbetween the two mucosal arches of the soft palate?
palatine tonsils
31
Which two vessels supply the palatine tonsils?
1. branches from the Facial artery | 2. Ascending pharyngeal artery
32
Which muscles open the auditory tube?
- tensory veli palatini | - levator veli palatini
33
Which nerve innervates the external tympanic membrane?
auriculotemporal (CN V3)
34
Which nerve innervates the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
35
Which part of the cranium houses the middle ear
petrous part of temporal bone
36
Where does the middle ear drain into?
Nasopharynx | auditory tube drains postero-laterally
37
What is another name for pharyngeal tonsils?
Adenoids (when englarged)
38
Which glands produce cerumen
sebaceous and ceruminous glands
39
What does the tympanic membrane communicate with postero-superiorly?
mastoid antrum/air cells of the mastoid process of the temporal bone *otitis media can spread here
40
Which bone articulates with the TM?
malleus (hammer)
41
Which muscle attaches to the handle of malleus?
tensor tympani
42
What nerve innervates tensor tympani?
CN V3
43
Which middle ear bone is between the malleus and stapes?
incus ("anvil")
44
Stapes "stirrup" footplate attaches where on inner ear?
oval window
45
Which muscle inserts on stapes?
stapedius
46
What nerve innervates stapedius?
Facial CN VII
47
What are the 3 branches Facial nerve (CN VII) gives off in the middle ear?
1. Greater petrosal nerve 2. Nerve to stapedius 3. Chorda tympani
48
Which two cranial nerves have branches in the middle ear?
1. Facial (greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympani) 2. Glossopharyngeal CN IX (tympanic nerve (forms tympanic plexus), lesser petrosal nerve)
49
Lesser petrosal nerve
-preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to parotid gland (synapse at otic ganglion)
50
Where do parasympathetics of the greater petrosal nerve (facial CN VII) synapse?
pterygopalatine ganglion
51
Describe the pathway of the greater petrosal nerve (CN VII)
Travels on branches of CN V1 and CN V2 to the lacrimal gland. Travels on branches of CN V2 to mucosa of palate and nasal cavity.
52
What does chorda tympani "hitchhike" on to the submandibular ganglion?
branches of CN V3 (lingual)
53
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supply sensory to?
- pharynx - posterior 1/3 of tongue - Inner tympanic membrane - Parasympathetic to Parotid gland (via lesser petrosal)
54
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supply motor to?
stylophyaryngeus (elevates pharynx and larynx)
55
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) supply taste to?
posterior 1/3 of the tongue
56
What nerve innervates the carotid body and carotid sinus?
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
57
Describe the pathway of the lesser petrosal nerve
Glossopharyngeal CN IX > Lesser petrosal nerve > otic ganglion > hitchhike with V3 to parotid gland
58
Where is the oval window located?
lateral wal of vestibule, articulates with foot of stapes
59
Where is the round window?
lateral wall of cochlea
60
What are the semicircular canals
1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Lateral

Anatomy (Neck and Head) (8 decks)

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