Nasal Cavity and Pharynx

Question 1

What are the two regions of the nose

Answer 1

• The external nose

* The internal nasal cavity

Question 2

What are the 2 openings of the external nose called and what separates them

Answer 2

2 openings called nostrils separated by nasal septum

Question 3

What is the lateral margin of the nose called

Answer 3

the ala of nose

Question 4

What bones make up the framework of the external nose

Answer 4

• nasal bones
• the maxillae
bone
• frontal bone

Question 5

What kind of cartilage is in the nose

Answer 5

Hyaline

Question 6

What are the anterior apertures of the nasal cavities called

Answer 6

The anterior apertures of the

nasal cavities are called nares, which open onto the inferior surface of the nose.

Question 7

What are the 4 components of each nasal cavity

Answer 7

Each nasal cavity has a floor, roof, medial wall, and lateral wall

Question 8

What are the names of the posterior nasal apertures and where can they be found

Answer 8

Choanae

behind the soft palate

Question 9

What separates the bony nasal cavity from the oral cavity and cranial cavity

Answer 9

Oral cavity - hard palate

Cranial cavity - parts of the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question 10

What is the nasal septum made of

Answer 10

Septal cartilage
Vertical plate of the ethmoid
Vomer

Question 11

What is the floor of the nasal cavity made of

Answer 11

palatine process of maxilla & horizontal plate of the palatine bone, which together form the hard palate.

Question 12

What is the roof of the nasal cavity made of

Answer 12

1. cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
2. nasal and frontal bones, and
   posteriorly sphenoid Bone.

Question 13

Name the 3 conchae

Answer 13

1) Superior concha.
2) Middle concha.
3) Inferior concha.

Question 14

What are the spaces below the conchae called

Answer 14

Nasal meatus

Question 15

What nerves innervate the sensory part of the nasal cavity

Answer 15

ophthalmic division (V1) and maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve

Question 16

What does the olfactory nerve innervate in the nasal cavity

Answer 16

It is the nerve of smell. It supplies the olfactory mucosa which is situated in the roof of the nasal cavity.

Question 17

What arteries supply the nasal cavity with blood

Answer 17

1. Branches of maxillary artery main supply of the nose (Sphenopalatine artery).
2. Septal branch: from facial artery.
3. Ethmoidal branches: from Ophthalmic artery.

Question 18

What is epistaxis

Answer 18

bleeding from the nose

Question 19

Where are the paranasal air sinuses found

Answer 19

They are cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, & ethmoid bones.

Question 20

What are the functions of the paranasal air sinuses

Answer 20

• They make the skull lighter (filled with air).
• They act as resonating chambers for the voice.
• They increase the surface area of the nasal mucous membrane and thus help warming the air before entering the lung.

Question 21

Infection in which sinus can spread to the orbit

Answer 21

Ethmoid (also called air cells)

Question 22

Except for 2, what do all paranasal sinuses open into

Answer 22

the middle meatus

Question 23

Which 2 paranasal sinuses don’t open into the middle meatus and what to they open into

Answer 23

1) the sphenoidal sinus (into the spheno- ethmoidal recess).

2) the posterior ethmoidal sinus (into the superior meatus).

Question 24

What is the largest paranasal air sinus and where is it situated

Answer 24

Maxillary Air Sinus

It is a pyramidal cavity situated inside the body of the maxilla.

Question 25

What does the roof of the maxillary air sinus do and contain

Answer 25

separates the sinus from the orbit and lodges the infra-orbital nerve and vessels.

Question 26

What is the floor of the maxillary air sinus formed by

Answer 26

Its formed by the alveolar process of the maxilla.

Question 27

Which teeth's roots project into the floor

Answer 27

1st and 2nd molars

Question 28

Medially, superiorly and inferiorly what is the maxillary air sinus related to

Answer 28

``` - Medially: nasal cavity. The sinus opens into the middle meatus of the nose. - Above: orbit - Below : roots of the molar and premolar teeth. ```

Question 29

What paranasal air sinuses do babies have

Answer 29

none

Question 30

Describe the pharynx and what 4 things is it composed of

Answer 30

It is a musculo-membranous wall, composed of: - Mucosa & submucosa - Pharyngobasilar fascia - Muscles: circular & longitudinal - Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 31

What does the retropharyngeal space lie between

Answer 31

Anteriorly - retro/buccopharyngeal fascia Posteriorly - Alar fascia

Question 32

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx

Answer 32

* Nasopharynx * Oropharynx * Laryngopharynx

Question 33

Posteriorly, inferiorly and superiorly describe the location of the nasopharynx

Answer 33

* Posterior to nasal cavity * Inferior to sphenoid bone * Superior to soft-palate Continuous with the nasal cavity via posterior nasal aperture.

Question 34

During swallowing what closes the nasopharynx

Answer 34

Uvula

Question 35

What is the pharyngeal tonsil of the nasopharynx and what is its role

Answer 35

– Collection of lymph nodes | – Prevents spread of infection to nasal cavity

Question 36

What connects the middle ear cavity to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx

Answer 36

Pharyngiotympanic tube

Question 37

What does the pharyngiotympanic tube allow for

Answer 37

drainage and equalisation of pressure

Question 38

What does the oropharynx lie posterior to

Answer 38

The oral cavity

Question 39

What does the oropharynx extend inferiorly from and what is it a passageway from

Answer 39

* Extends inferiorly from the soft palate till the epiglottis. * Passageway for both food and air

Question 40

What are fauces

Answer 40

The arched openings at the back of the mouth that lead to the pharynx

Question 41

Where are the palatine tonsils

Answer 41

The lateral wall of the faucet

Question 42

Where are the lingual tonsils

Answer 42

posterior surface of the tongue

Question 43

What does the laryngopharynx lie posterior to and what is it a passageway for

Answer 43

* Passageway for food and air | * Posterior to epiglottis

Question 44

What does the laryngopharynx extend to

Answer 44

Extends to the larynx, also continuous with the oesophagus

Question 45

What are the 2 muscles of the pharynx

Answer 45

Constrictor (circular) | Longitudinal

Question 46

Name the 3 overlapping heads of the constrictor (circular) muscle

Answer 46

Superior Middle Inferior

Question 47

Describe how the fibres of the constrictor (circular) muscles run

Answer 47

Extend around the pharynx and are inserted posteriorly into a fibrous raphe that extends from the pharyngeal tubercle on the occipital bone to the oesophagus

Question 48

What fills the gap between the superior border of the superior constrictor and the occipital bone

Answer 48

A thickened pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 49

Point out the pharyngeal tubercle

Answer 49

The but of the middle cranial fossa in front of the foramen magnum

Question 50

What is the pharyngeal raphe and where is it

Answer 50

The raphe that acts as the insertion point for many pharyngeal constrictors and other muscles. in the middle at the front of the neck

Question 51

Name the 3 longitudinal muscles

Answer 51

– Stylopharyngeus – Salpingopharyngeus – Palatpharyngeous

Question 52

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles

Answer 52

– Elevate the larynx & pharynx during swallowing

Question 53

What is waldeyers tonsilar ring and what is its function

Answer 53

* lymphoid tissue ring located in the pharynx | * Function as a barrier to infection especially in the first few years of life

Question 54

What does waldeyers tonsilar ring consist of

Answer 54

- Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) - Tubal tonsil - Palatine tonsil - Lingual tonsil