NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES & NASOPHARYNX Flashcards
(45 cards)
what are the three functions of respiration
(1) ventilation (breathing)
(2) gas exchange
• Between the air and blood in the lungs
• Between the blood and other tissues of the body
(3) oxygen utilization by the tissues in the energy- liberating reactions
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS of RS
- Surfaceforgasexchange
– Located deep within the body to warm, moisten, and cleanse the incoming air - Thin-walled membrane – To facilitate diffusion
- Selectively permeable membrane – To facilitate diffusion
- Moist membrane
– O2 and CO2 can be dissolved in water to facilitate diffusion - Extensive capillary network
- Effective ventilation mechanism
– To constantly replenish the air - The system must function autonomically
– effective monitoring and feedback mechanisms
– be able to function voluntarily for desired increased or decreased rates
what makes up the upper respiratory tract and what is its function
- nose (nasal cavity)
- nasopharynx
these are used in the conduction division
what makes up the lower Respiratory tract and what is its function
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchial tree (to the terminal bronchioles)
- alveolar ducts
- pulmonary alveoli
- alveolar sac
these function as the respiratory division
what is the role of the muscles around the nose
– Act as sphincters or
dilators
– Control the diameter of the nares and adjust air flow
nasal vestibule
the nostrils lead immediately to this, it is lined by skin that has hair follicles
what is the name of the hair that lines the nasal vestibule
vibrissae, these are the first air filters
the septum divides the nose in half… tell ,e about the make up of the medial wall of the nasal cavity
it is made of bone posteriorly…
vomer inferiorly posteriorly
ethmoid posterior superiorly
and cartilage anteriorly
what makes up the roof of the nasal cavity
nasal, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones (this is the olfactory region)
what makes up the floor of the nasal cavity
palatine bones and the maxilla
what makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
superior concha (these are the passages created) middle concha (S+M Are from one projection) inferior concha
these are turbinates that project from the lateral wall to form the meatuses (these are the actual projections, these named respectively but there is an extra superior one called the spheno-ehtmooidal recess)
role of the concha
− increase surface area
− form air channels (the meatuses)
what two things open into the meatuses
Paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
Foramen caecum (±)
Connection between nasal veins and superior sagittal sinus
Cribriform plate
Olfactory nerve
Sphenopalatine foramen:
– Sphenopalatine artery (of the
maxillary artery)
– Nasopalatine nerve (of the maxillary nerve)
– Superior nasal branches of the maxillary nerve
Small foramina in the lateral wall:
– Inferior nasal branches from the greater palatine nerve (of the maxillary nerve)
Incisive canal: works both ways
– Nasopalatine nerve (passes from the nasal cavity to the oral cavity)
– Terminal end of the greater palatine artery (passes from the oral cavity to the nasal cavity)
What are the different types of sinus
maxillary
ethmoidal
frontal
sphenoid
what are the roles of the paranasal sinuses
they lighten the skull
– The nasal mucous membrane extends into the sinuses
• ciliated and mucus secreting respiratory mucosa
how are the sinus innervated
branches of the trigeminal nerve
why can’t children get an infection of the sinus
as their sinus are not full formed until later on in life
where do the paranasal sinuses drain to
they drain into the nasal cavity
how does the fontal sinus drain
frontonasal duct ethmoidal infundibulum (middle meatus)
