nat 5 bio

Question 1

what are the 5 structures in an animal cell??

Answer 1

nucleus,cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes

Question 2

where do chemical reactions take place??

Answer 2

the cytoplasm

Question 3

function of the cell membrane??

Answer 3

allows certain molecules to pass in and out of the cell through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

function of the nucleus??

Answer 4

controls cell activity

Question 5

where does aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 5

the mitochondria

Question 6

the function of the ribosome??

Answer 6

the site of protein synthesis

Question 7

what cells have a cell wall

Answer 7

all but animal (plant,bacterial,fungal)

Question 8

function of the cytoplasm

Answer 8

the site of chemical reactions

Question 9

function of the chloroplasts

Answer 9

traps light energy to perform photosynthesis

Question 10

sap vacuole function??

Answer 10

to store sap and support the cell

Question 11

cell wall function??

Answer 11

to support the cell and hold the cells shape

Question 12

what is the structural carbohydrate in the plant cell wall??

Answer 12

celleous

Question 13

why do cells have different structures

Answer 13

because their cell walls are made from different substances

Question 14

what does a bacterial cell contain as it doesn’t have a nucleus

Answer 14

a chromosome

Question 15

name the 8 structures in a plant cell

Answer 15

a sap vacuole,mitochondria, ribosome, cytoplasm, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts

Question 16

name the 7 structures in a fungal cell??

Answer 16

cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, vacuole, mitochondria, nucleus, cytoplasm

Question 17

name the 6 structures in a bacterial cell

Answer 17

cytoplasm, plasmid, cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, DNA

Question 18

what is euglena

Answer 18

a single celled organism

Question 19

why do molecules need to pass into cells

Answer 19

because certain cells need certain nutrients from some molecules to properly perform their functions

Question 20

name the structure that identifies euglena

Answer 20

chloroplasts

Question 21

how can you tell a root cell from a leaf cell

Answer 21

a leave cell will contain more chloroplast

Question 22

what substance does osmosis apply to

Answer 22

water

Question 23

name structural features of a turgid cell

Answer 23

swollen, the cell wall will be stretched

Question 24

name some features of a plasmalised cell

Answer 24

shrivelled, shrunken sap vacuole

Question 25

name the process in which water molecules move across membranes

Answer 25

osmosis

Question 26

what are proteins made up of

Answer 26

amino acids

Question 27

what is a degradation reaction

Answer 27

when a large substrate is broken down into several smaller products

Question 28

give an example of a degradation reaction

Answer 28

starch. amylase maltose ➡️➡️➡️➡️

Question 29

what does the chain of bases in DNA do

Answer 29

it codes for amino acids in proteins

Question 30

what is mRNA

Answer 30

a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein

Question 31

what is the function of mRNA

Answer 31

it determines the order of amino acids making up the protein

Question 32

where is mRNA synthesised

Answer 32

Nucleus

Question 33

what is a gene

Answer 33

a gene is a section of DNA which codes for a protein

Question 34

what are the base sequences

Answer 34

Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine

Question 35

what is the structure of DNA

Answer 35

it’s a double stranded helix held together by the complimentary base pairs

Question 36

describe how the sequence of amino acids is a protein coded for by DNA

Answer 36

mRNA carriers a copy of the code from the DNA where the protein is assembled from amino acids

Question 37

DNA determines the structure and function of what molecules

Answer 37

proteins

Question 38

what is osmosis

Answer 38

it is the movement of water molecules from a higher water concentration to a lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane down the concentration gradient

Question 39

what is active transport

Answer 39

the movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration against the concentration gradient due to this it requires energy

Question 40

what is diffusion

Answer 40

the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration down the concentration gradient

Question 41

what is a cell membrane made up of

Answer 41

proteins and phospholipids

Question 42

what is a semi permeable membrane

Answer 42

a membrane that allows small molecules such as water and amino acids to pass in and out of the cell but doesn’t allows larger molecules such as starch to pass in and out

Question 43

what types of molecules can be pumped during active transport

Answer 43

sodium, potassium, iodine

Question 44

why types of molecules move during defusion

Answer 44

oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 45

how does a cell become plasmalised

Answer 45

when a plant cell is placed in a high salt water concentration it loses a lot of water due to osmosis the water molecules move to the lower water concentration causing the vacuole to become shrivelled

Question 46

how does a cell become turgid

Answer 46

when a plant cell is placed in a high water concentration it gains a lot of water due to osmosis the water molecules move to the lower water concentration causing the vacuole to become full and swollen

Question 47

what does active transport require to take place

Answer 47

a protein pump

Question 48

name the 4 organelle structures

Answer 48

mitochondria, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus