nat 5 cell biology test revision

Question 1

what is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

controls what enters and exits the cell

Question 2

what is the cytoplasms function?

Answer 2

site of chemical reactions

Question 3

what is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

controls cell activity

Question 4

what is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

site of aerobic respiration

Question 5

what is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 5

site of protein synthesis

Question 6

what is the cell walls function?

Answer 6

supports and protects the cell

Question 7

what cell has a cell wall that is made of cellulose?

Answer 7

plant cell

Question 8

what is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 8

site of photosynthesis

Question 9

what are the circular chromosomes functions?

Answer 9

contains all essential dna

Question 10

what is the function of the plasmid?

Answer 10

contains additional bacterial dna

Question 11

what is diffusion?

Answer 11

movement of molecules down a concentration gradient (passive)

Question 12

what is osmosis?

Answer 12

movement of water molecules down a water concentration gradient (passive)

Question 13

what is active transport?

Answer 13

movement of molecules up a concentration gradient (active)

Question 14

what is required for active transport?

Answer 14

energy (atp) + protein pumps

Question 15

what happens when you put an animal cell into a higher water concentration? (outside cell)

Answer 15

cell swells and bursts

Question 16

what happens to any cell if it is placed in the same water concentration?

Answer 16

no change (stays the same)

Question 17

what happens to an animal cell when placed in a lower water concentration?

Answer 17

cell shrinks

Question 18

what happens to a plant cell when placed in a higher water concentration?

Answer 18

cell becomes turgid

Question 19

what happens to a plant cell when placed in a lower water concentration?

Answer 19

cell becomes plasmolysed

Question 20

what do genes code for?

Answer 20

order for proteins

Question 21

what does DNA contain?

Answer 21

genes

Question 22

DNA coils into what?

Answer 22

chromosomes

Question 23

what is a membrane made of?

Answer 23

protein + phospholipids

Question 24

what is the definition of selectively permeable?

Answer 24

only small soluble molecules can pass through

Question 25

what does the order of bases control in the order of in protein?

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

what pairs with adenine?

Answer 26

thymine

Question 27

what pairs with guanine?

Answer 27

cytosine

Question 28

what is the function of mRNA?

Answer 28

carries copy of the DNA gene from the nucleus to the ribosome

Question 29

what goes in and out of the cell in diffusion?

Answer 29

in= food + O2

out=CO2

Question 30

what are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 30

CO2 concentration, light intensity and temperature

Question 31

what are the properties of enzymes?

Answer 31

• specific
• remain unchanged
• in all living cells
• speed up reactions
• build up/break down

Question 32

what is the word equation for respiration?

Answer 32

O2+ Glucose > H2O + CO2

Question 33

what does pyruvate turn into when oxygen is absent in an animal cell

Answer 33

lactate (reversible)

Question 34

what does pyruvate turn into when oxygen is absent in a plant cell?

Answer 34

alcohol+CO2 (co2 diffuses out)

Question 35

what is the name of the apparatus used to measure respiration?

Answer 35

respirometer

Question 36

what are the limiting factors of respiration?

Answer 36

glucose concentration
oxygen concentration
temperature (controlled by enzymes)

Question 37

what does pyruvate break down into if oxygen is present?

Answer 37

CO2, H2O + lots of atp

Question 38

where does respiration occur if oxygen is absent?

Answer 38

cytoplasm

Question 39

where does respiration occur if oxygen js present?

Answer 39

mitochondria