national

Question 1

9, the CPI (M)-led Left Democratic Front (LDF) government in Kerala promulgated an ordinance to make certain amendments to the __________

Answer 1

Kerala Lokayukta Act, 1999

Question 2

In India, the concept of constitutional ombudsman was first proposed by the then law minister _____ in parliament in the early 1960s. The term Lokpal and Lokayukta were coined by _______

Answer 2

In India, the concept of constitutional ombudsman was first proposed by the then law minister Ashok Kumar Sen in parliament in the early 1960s. The term Lokpal and Lokayukta were coined by Dr. L. M. Singhvi.

Question 3

In ____, the First Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the setting up of two independent authorities- at the central
and state level, to look into complaints against public functionaries, including MPs

Answer 3

In 1966, the First Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the setting up of two independent authorities- at the central
and state level, to look into complaints against public functionaries, including MPs

Question 4

_____ was the first state to introduce the institution of Lokayukta through_______.
________ provided for the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for States. These institutions are statutory bodies without any constitutional status. They perform the function of an “ombudsman‖ and inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries and for related matters.

Answer 4

Maharashtra was the
first state to introduce the institution of Lokayukta through The Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayuktas Act in 1971.The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provided for the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for States. These institutions are statutory bodies without any constitutional status. They perform the function of
an “ombudsman‖ and inquire into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries and for related matters.

Question 5

Lokpal is a multi-member body, that consists of one chairperson and a maximum of ______ members. Chairperson of the Lokpal should be either the ______or the former ____ or an
eminent person with impeccable integrity and outstanding ability, having special knowledge and expertise of minimum____ years in the matters relating to anti-corruption policy, public administration, vigilance, finance including insurance and banking, law and management. Out of the maximum___ members,_____ will be_______ and
minimum_____ of the Members will be from ____

Answer 5

Lokpal is a multi-member body, that consists of one chairperson and a maximum of 8 members. Chairperson of
the Lokpal should be either the former Chief Justice of India or the former Judge of Supreme Court or an
eminent person with impeccable integrity and outstanding ability, having special knowledge and expertise of
minimum 25 years in the matters relating to anti-corruption policy, public administration, vigilance, finance including
insurance and banking, law and management. Out of the maximum eight members, half will be judicial members and
minimum 50% of the Members will be from SC/ ST/ OBC/ Minorities and women.

Question 6

The term of office for Lokpal Chairman and Members is _____ or till the age of ____ years. The members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of a Selection Committee. Retired Supreme Court judge _______ was appointed as the first Lokpal of India by a committee consisting of________ on 17 March 2019

Answer 6

The term of office for Lokpal
Chairman and Members is 5 years or till the age of 70 years. The members are appointed by the president on
the recommendation of a Selection Committee. Retired Supreme Court judge Pinaki Chandra Ghose was
appointed as the first Lokpal of India by a committee consisting of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi and Loksabha speaker Sumitra Mahajan and Eminent Jurist Mukul Rohatgi on 17 March 2019

Question 7

In ______ , the institution of ombudsman was inaugurated officially in_____

Answer 7

In 1809, the institution of ombudsman was inaugurated officially in Sweden.

Question 8

Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled a hologram statue of ________ at ________
on the_______ birth anniversary of the iconic freedom fighter. A grand statue, which will be made of _______will replace the hologram statue once it is completed

Answer 8

Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled a hologram statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose at India Gate
on the 125th birth anniversary of the iconic freedom fighter. A grand statue, which will be made of granite,
will replace the hologram statue once it is completed

Question 9

He rose to become Congress President in ______ However, soon after being reelected in_____ he was ousted from Congress leadership positions following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command. The Provisional Government of Free India (Arzi Hakumat-e-Azad Hind) or, more simply, Azad Hind founded on _______ the government was inspired by the concepts of Subhas
Chandra Bose who was also the leader of the government and Head of State. He died from third-degree burns received when his plane crashed in _____ on ________

Answer 9

He rose to become Congress President in 1938. However, soon after being reelected in 1939, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command. The Provisional Government of Free India (Arzi Hakumat-e-Azad Hind) or, more simply, Azad Hind founded on 21 October 1943, the government was inspired by the concepts of Subhas Chandra Bose who was also the leader of the government and Head of State. He died from third-degree burns received when his plane crashed in Taiwan on 18 August 1945.

Question 10

The Minister was speaking at the___ Asia Ministerial Conference on tiger conservation, an important event
for reviewing progress towards the Global Tiger Recovery Program and commitments to tiger
conservation. The Minister said that India will facilitate Tiger Range Countries towards finalization of for the________ Global Tiger Summit to be held at _____ later this year. A ―Pre-Tiger Summit meeting was held at______ in ______ wherein the draft declaration on tiger conservation for Global Tiger Summit was finalized.

Answer 10

The Minister was speaking at the 4th Asia Ministerial Conference on tiger conservation, an important event
for reviewing progress towards the Global Tiger Recovery Programme and commitments to tiger
conservation. The Minister said that India will facilitate Tiger Range Countries towards finalisation of New Delhi declaration for the Global Tiger Summit to be held at Vladivostok, Russia later this year. A ―Pre-Tiger
Summit‖ meeting was held at New Delhi in 2010, wherein the draft declaration on tiger conservation for Global Tiger Summit was finalised

Question 11

India has achieved the remarkable feat of doubling the tiger population in ____ itself, _____ years
ahead of the targeted year _____,

Answer 11

India has achieved the remarkable feat of doubling the tiger population in 2018 itself, 4 years
ahead of the targeted year 2022,

Question 12

The International Tiger Day celebrated on____ is an annual event marked to raise awareness about tiger conservation. First international Tiger‘s day was celebrated in_____ at the_______ . ______ is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change launched in ________ to provide central assistance to the tiger States for tiger conservation in designated tiger reserves in India. The project is administered by the _________ . _____ is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change.______ saw the highest number of tigers _____ followed by ______ and _______

Answer 12

The International Tiger Day celebrated on 29th July is an annual event marked to raise awareness about tiger
conservation. First international Tiger‘s day was celebrated in 2010 at the St. Petersburg Tiger Summit. Project
Tiger is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change launched in
1973 to provide central assistance to the tiger States for tiger conservation in designated tiger reserves in India.
The project is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA). National Tiger Conservation
Authority (NTCA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. Madhya
Pradesh saw the highest number of tigers (526) followed by Karnataka (524) and Uttarakhand.

Question 13

The ___________ has again modified the criteria for the nomination of Independent External Monitors (IEM) in government bodies, months after it had issued a revised standard operating procedure for adoption and implementation of the ‘Integrity Pact‘ clause, which is meant to prevent corruption in public procurement. The ______ envisages an agreement between the prospective ____ and the
_______, committing persons and officials of both sides to not resort to any corrupt practices in any aspect or
stage of the contract

Answer 13

The “integrity Pact‘ envisages an agreement between the prospective vendors/bidders and the
buyer, committing persons and officials of both sides to not resort to any corrupt practices in any aspect or
stage of the contract

Question 14

Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an apex Indian governmental body created in ____ to address
governmental corruption. In ___, the Parliament enacted a law conferring statutory status on the CVC. It has the status of an autonomous body, free of control from any executive authority, charged with monitoring all vigilance activity under the Central Government of India, advising various authorities in central Government organizations in planning, executing, reviewing and reforming their vigilance work. It was set up by the Government of India Resolution on_______, on the recommendations of the Committee on _______, headed by_____, to advise and guide Central Government agencies in the field of vigilance. ________ was selected as the first Chief Vigilance Commissioner of India.______ is acting as the central vigilance commissioner (CVC) in the Central Vigilance Commission

Answer 14

Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an apex Indian governmental body created in 1964 to address
governmental corruption. In 2003, the Parliament enacted a law conferring statutory status on the CVC. It has the status of an autonomous body, free of control from any executive authority, charged with monitoring
all vigilance activity under the Central Government of India, advising various authorities in central Government organizations in planning, executing, reviewing and reforming their vigilance work. It was set up by the Government of India Resolution on 11 February 1964, on the recommendations of the Committee on Prevention of Corruption, headed by K. Santhanam, to advise and guide Central Government agencies in the field of vigilance. Nittoor Srinivasa Rau was selected as the first Chief Vigilance Commissioner of India. Suresh N Patel is acting as the central vigilance commissioner (CVC) in the Central Vigilance Commission

Question 15

India and _____ launched a commemorative logo to mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of
diplomatic ties between the two countries. The logo features the ______ and the_____- the
two symbols that adorn the national flags of both countries- and forms the numeral ______ depicting the 30thanniversary of bilateral relations. The winning
design created by an Indian student,_______. The winning design created by an Indian student, Nikhil Kumar Rai, was chosen through a joint decision of the
Embassies and Consulates from both countries.

Answer 15

India and Israel launched a commemorative logo to mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of
diplomatic ties between the two countries. The logo features the Star of David and the Ashoka Chakra- the
two symbols that adorn the national flags of both countries- and forms the numeral 30 depicting the 30th
anniversary of bilateral relations.

Question 16

With the addition of ___ new districts, Andhra Pradesh will soon get______ districts in total. The state
government has already issued draft notifications for carving out the new districts. In his Republic Day address, Governor __________ referred to the creation of new districts and said they would be in place by this Telugu New Year’s Day _________ . The state has ______ Lok Sabha constituencies and each is supposed to be made a revenue district. However, with its size being too large and spread over many districts, the tribal-dominated_____ Lok Sabha constituency is being split into two new districts. The two new tribal districts will b_______, with headquarters in________ , and_____, named after the legendary Telugu freedom fighter with headquarters in_______

Answer 16

With the addition of 13 new districts, Andhra Pradesh will soon get 26 districts in total. The state
government has already issued draft notifications for carving out the new districts.
In his Republic Day address, Governor Biswabhusan Harichandan referred to the creation of new districts
and said they would be in place by this Telugu New Year’s Day Ugadi (falling on April 2). The state has 25
Lok Sabha constituencies and each is supposed to be made a revenue district. However, with its size being
too large and spread over many districts, the tribal-dominated Araku Lok Sabha constituency is being split
into two new districts. The two new tribal districts will be Manyam, with headquarters in Parvathipuram, and
Alluri Sitarama Raju, named after the legendary Telugu freedom fighter with headquarters in Paderu

Question 17

Decommissioned Indian naval ship______ will be handed over to the______ administration so that it
can be developed as a full-scale museum. INS______ had the distinction of being part of both – western as
well as eastern fleets – during its service, it mentioned. The missile corvette was decommissioned on
December 23 last year after______ years of service.
“The valiant crew of that ship, led by late________

Answer 17

Decommissioned Indian naval ship (INS) Khukri will be handed over to the Diu administration so that it
can be developed as a full-scale museum. INS Khukri had the distinction of being part of both – western as
well as eastern fleets – during its service, it mentioned. The missile corvette was decommissioned on
December 23 last year after 32 years of service.
“The valiant crew of that ship, led by late Captain Mahendra Nath Mulla (Maha Vir Chakra awardee)

Question 18

India‘s first innovation centre for graphene will be set up in _______ by the ________, along with _______ in Thrissur, for Rs 86.41 crore.
This will be the first graphene Research and Development (R&D) incubation centre in the country. _______ is set to be the industrial partner of the centre

Answer 18

India‘s first innovation centre for graphene will be set up in Kerala by the Digital University Kerala
(DUK), along with Centre for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET) in Thrissur, for Rs 86.41 crore.
This will be the first graphene Research and Development (R&D) incubation centre in the country. Tata Steel Limited is set to be the industrial partner of the centre

Question 19

Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy started a direct benefit transfer (DBT) scheme for financial upliftment of women belonging to the Economically Backward Classes (EBC) amongst open
category (OC).Launching the scheme, named ______the state government will provide______ to each woman from OC communities in the_____ years age group in 3 tranches –_____ per annum for___ years.

Answer 19

the state government will provide ₹45,000 to each woman from OC communities in the 45-60 years age
group in 3 tranches – Rs.15,000 per annum for three years. YSR EBC NESHTHAM

Question 20

Chhattisgarh chief minister Bhupesh Baghel launched a scheme under which first two daughters of
labourers will be provided financial assistance for education and employment. _______. The chief minister further said that under the scheme, a sum of ______ will be deposited in the bank
account of each of the first two daughters of the labourers registered with the ‘Chhattisgarh Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Board‘

Answer 20

Chhattisgarh chief minister Bhupesh Baghel launched a scheme under which first two daughters of
labourers will be provided financial assistance for education and employment. ―Mukhyamantri Noni
Sashaktikaran Sahayata Yojna‘ (Chief Minister Girl Empowerment Assistance Scheme). 20K

Question 21

Horse-mounted soldiers of the Indian Army’s________ , the only active horsed cavalry unit in the world currently, was the first marching contingent at the Republic Day parade. This regiment’s
contingent was led by ______. The ______ was formed in ______ by amalgamation of all the states’ horse units. The regiment has the unique distinction of leading the last recorded cavalry charge in history when it took on the Turks at
the battle of Haifa in 1918 during World War 1

Answer 21

Horse-mounted soldiers of the Indian Army’s 61 Cavalry Regiment, the only active horsed cavalry unit in
the world currently, was the first marching contingent at the Republic Day parade. This regiment’s
contingent was led by Major Mrityunjay Singh Chouhan. The 61 Cavalry Regiment was formed in 1953 by amalgamation of all the states’ horse units. The regiment has the unique distinction of leading the last recorded cavalry charge in history when it took on the Turks at the battle of Haifa in 1918 during World War 1

Question 22

________ has proposed a new model of ―Federated Digital Identities‖ under which a citizen‘s multiple digital IDs — from PAN and Aadhaar to driving licence and passport numbers — can be interlinked, stored, and accessed via one unique ID.

Answer 22

The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has proposed a new model of ―Federated
Digital Identities‖ under which a citizen‘s multiple digital IDs — from PAN and Aadhaar to driving licence
and passport numbers — can be interlinked, stored, and accessed via one unique ID.

Question 23

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched the____
on the occasion of the
92nd birth anniversary of the Indian classical vocalist. PVB- ________

Answer 23

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has launched the Pandit Jasraj Cultural Foundation on the occasion of the
92nd birth anniversary of the Indian classical vocalist. 2000

Question 24

__________ at ________ in _______ state will be the first solar energy based aviation hub in
the world.

Answer 24

Maharaja Agarsen Airport at Hisar in Haryana state will be the first solar energy based aviation hub in
the world.

Question 25

India's first Geo Park to come up in ________. The _______ has approved the setting up of the country's first geo park at ______ village on the banks of the ______- River in ______ district of Madhya Pradesh. Park will be constructed with an investment of Rs .______ , over five-acre land.

Answer 25

India's first Geo Park to come up in Madhya Pradesh. The Geological Survey of India (GSI) has approved the setting up of the country's first geo park at Lamheta village on the banks of the Narmada River in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. Park will be constructed with an investment of Rs 35 crores, over five-acre land

Question 26

In ______ , ________ had discovered a Dinosaur fossil from this area. UNESCO has also recognised Lamheta as a geo heritage site. Lameta Formation is also called______ Beds. It is a sedimentary geological formation found in _____ . It is associated with the Deccan Traps. It is of the Maastrichtian age and is known for dinosaur fossils

Answer 26

In 1928, William Henry Sleeman had discovered a Dinosaur fossil from this area. UNESCO has also recognised Lamheta as a geo heritage site. Lameta Formation is also called Infratrappean Beds. It is a sedimentary geological formation found in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Gujarat. It is associated with the Deccan Traps. It is of the Maastrichtian age and is known for dinosaur fossils

Question 27

Union Home minister Amit Shah launched the District Good Governance Index (DGGI) in_______ which is the first Union Territory to have such an index. Shah launched the index in the presence of Union minister Jitendra Singh and ________ lieutenant governor ________  The District Good Governance Index, which has been launched for_______ districts of ________, has been prepared by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in partnership with the Union Territory‘s administration. ly, the Centre had released the National Good Governance Index on December 25 last year that indicated_________ saw an increase of______ in Good Governance Indicators from 2019 to 2021.

Answer 27

Union Home Hinister Amit Shah launched the District Good Governance Index (DGGI) in Jammu and Kashmir, which is the first Union Territory to have such an index. Shah launched the index in the presence of Union minister Jitendra Singh and Jammu and Kashmir‘s lieutenant governor Manoj Sinha.  The District Good Governance Index, which has been launched for 20 districts of Jammu and Kashmir, has been prepared by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) in partnership with the Union Territory‘s administration. ly, the Centre had released the National Good Governance Index on December 25 last year that indicated Jammu and Kashmir saw an increase of 3.7% in Good Governance Indicators from 2019 to 2021.

Question 28

J and K is administered under article _______ originally for____________

Answer 28

239; puducherry

Question 29

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Mauritius counterpart__________ have jointly inaugurated the India-assisted Social Housing Units project in Mauritius virtually. They have also launched the_______ and ________ projects in Mauritius that are being undertaken under India‘s development support.  An Agreement on extending________ Line of Credit from India to Mauritius for the_________ and other infrastructure projects will be exchanged. An MoU on the implementation of Small Development Projects will also be exchanged

Answer 29

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Mauritius counterpart Pravind Kumar Jugnauth have jointly inaugurated the India-assisted Social Housing Units project in Mauritius virtually.  They have also launched the Civil Service College and 8MW Solar PV Farm projects in Mauritius that are being undertaken under India‘s development support.  An Agreement on extending a 190 million US dollar Line of Credit from India to Mauritius for the Metro Express Project and other infrastructure projects will be exchanged. An MoU on the implementation of Small Development Projects will also be exchanged

Question 30

The State Government of _________ launched the AVGC center of excellence (animation, visual effects, gaming, and comics) pitching it as a pioneering high technology digital media hub. The IT/BT & Electronics department has funded the facility. ______ which is the first in India to bring an AVGC policy in_______, also became the first state to set up the first center of excellence in AVGC

Answer 30

The State Government of Karnataka launched the AVGC center of excellence (animation, visual effects, gaming, and comics) pitching it as a pioneering high technology digital media hub. The IT/BT & Electronics department has funded the facility.  Karnataka, which is the first in India to bring an AVGC policy in 2012, also became the first state to set up the first center of excellence in AVGC

Question 31

India‘s first virtual platform for spice exports _________ was launched.

Answer 31

India‘s first virtual platform for spice exports 'Spice Xchange India‘ was launched.

Question 32

The Amar Jawan Jyoti flame at India Gate was merged with the flame at the__________ in New Delhi. The flame of the____ was extinguished and merged with the flame at the National War Memorial. The ceremony was presided over by the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. India Gate was unveiled in ____ and it was built to honour the soldiers of British India who gave the supreme sacrifice.

Answer 32

The Amar Jawan Jyoti flame at India Gate was merged with the flame at the National War Memorial in New Delhi. The flame of the Amar Jawan Jyoti was extinguished and merged with the flame at the National War Memorial. The ceremony was presided over by the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff. India Gate was unveiled in 1931 and it was built to honour the soldiers of British India who gave the supreme sacrifice

Question 33

Inaugurated on _______ , by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, the Amar Jawan Jyoti was constructed as a memorial for Indian soldiers who were killed in action in the 1971 Indo-Pak war. NWM- _______ The names of as many as_____ soldiers have been inscribed on the National War Memorial. Meanwhile, the government has decided to install a statue of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose at the India Gate to mark his 125th birth anniversary

Answer 33

Inaugurated on January 26, 1971, by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, the Amar Jawan Jyoti was constructed as a memorial for Indian soldiers who were killed in action in the 1971 Indo-Pak war. 25FEB 2019; 25,942

Question 34

The India Gate (formerly known as the_________) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the ―ceremonial axis‖ of New Delhi, formerly called _______. It stands as a memorial to __________ soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914 and 1921 in the First World War DESIGNED BY-

Answer 34

The India Gate (formerly known as the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the ―ceremonial axis‖ of New Delhi, formerly called Kingsway. It stands as a memorial to 90,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914 and 1921 in the First World War, EDWARD LUTYEN

Question 35

______ first hyperlocal delivery startup ______ launched the world‘s first WhatsApp API-powered delivery service. _______ started its services in_____ and currently operates in_____________, ______. _________, co-founder of _______

Answer 35

Kerala‘s first hyperlocal delivery startup Errando launched the world‘s first WhatsApp API-powered delivery service. Errando started its services in 2016 and currently operates in Bengaluru, Kochi, Kozhikode and Thiruvananthapuram. Shameer Pathayakandi, co-founder of Errando

Question 36

______ and _______ to sign MoU on plan to revive ________ River. at_______ cost __________ portion of which river will be diverted ______

Answer 36

Haryana, Himachal to sign MoU on plan to revive Saraswati River. Adi Badri, Yamuna nagar Som river

Question 37

_______ launched "Apna Kangra‘ app and hampers | handcrafted by self help groups at _______ in the district

Answer 37

Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur launched ‗Apna Kangra‘ app and hampers handcrafted by self help groups at Dharamsala in the district

Question 38

______ signed a contract with_______ for export of one Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH Mk III) for ______ Police Force

Answer 38

HAL signed a contract with Govt. of Mauritius (GoM) for export of one Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH Mk III) for Mauritius Police Force

Question 39

HAL date- production- first indigenous fighter aircraft-

Answer 39

Established on 23 December 1940 1942 HAL HF-24 Marut fighter-bomber

Question 40

The parade would end with the 'Amrit‘ formation featuring_____ flying in the shape of '75‘ to mark 75 years of independence. Other major formations include ______ formation by five Rafale jets_______ formation featuring one Rafale, two jaguars, two Mig-29s and two SU-30MKI aircraft.

Answer 40

The parade would end with the ‗Amrit‘ formation featuring 17 Jaguar aircraft flying in the shape of ‗75‘ to mark 75 years of independence. Other major formations include ‗Vinaash‘ formation by five Rafale jets, ‗Baaz‘ formation featuring one Rafale, two jaguars, two Mig-29s and two SU-30MKI aircraft.

Question 41

A meeting of the_________ Cabinet approved 'Mana ooru, mana badi‘ program aimed at all round development and creation of effective basic infrastructure in schools across the State. The programme will be implemented in ____ years with a budget of Rs ____ crore to benefit _____ lakh children of _______ schools

Answer 41

A meeting of the Telangana Cabinet approved ‗Mana ooru, mana badi‘ programme aimed at allround development and creation of effective basic infrastructure in schools across the State. The programme will be implemented in three years with a budget of Rs 7,289 crore to benefit 19.84 lakh children of 26.065 schools

Question 42

_______ Becomes First Indian State to Draft Bill Protecting Cyclists, Pedestrians. name- _______

Answer 42

Karnataka Becomes First Indian State to Draft Bill Protecting Cyclists, Pedestrians. active mobility bill

Question 43

________ is all set to become the world‘s first 100 per cent green railway with net-zero emission by 2030

Answer 43

Indian Railway is all set to become the world‘s first 100 per cent green railway with net-zero emission by 2030

Question 44

________ achieved the distinction of becoming first Indian candidate city to host Formula E world championship

Answer 44

Hyderabad achieved the distinction of becoming first Indian candidate city to host Formula E world championship

Question 45

______ launches its first podcast 'Kissa Khaki Ka

Answer 45

Delhi Police launches its first podcast 'Kissa Khaki Ka

Question 46

The world‘s largest national flag, the Indian Tricolor made from Khadi, was displayed along the ____ border in ________ , on the occasion of 74th Army Day. ______, in the western part of the desert state‘s Jaisalmer district was the site of the iconic Battle of _______ in _______, which was fought during that year‘s war between the two neighbors.  The flag is___ feet long, ______ feet wide and weighs around______ , while the Ashoka Chakra in the center has a diameter of ____ feet. The ‗Monumental National Flag‘ is a creation of the ________ to mark the ongoing ‗Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav‘ celebrations.  70 Khadi artisans took 49 days to prepare the flag

Answer 46

The world‘s largest national flag, the Indian Tricolor made from Khadi, was displayed along the IndiaPakistan border in Rajasthan‘s Longewala, on the occasion of 74th Army Day.  Longewala, in the western part of the desert state‘s Jaisalmer district was the site of the iconic Battle of Longewala in 1971, which was fought during that year‘s war between the two neighbors.  The flag is 225 feet long, 150 feet wide and weighs around 1 thousand 400 kilogram, while the Ashoka Chakra in the center has a diameter of 30 feet. The ‗Monumental National Flag‘ is a creation of the Khadi and Village Industries Commission to mark the ongoing ‗Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav‘ celebrations.  70 Khadi artisans took 49 days to prepare the flag

Question 47

______ unveils draft women‘s policy

Answer 47

Tamil Nadu unveils draft women‘s policy Mandatory martial arts training for school and college girls, 50 more person-days for all single- and women-headed households under MGNREGS and 33.3% representation in registered parties are among the provisions in the draft Tamil Nadu State New Policy for Women 2021. The document was released by the State Government. As per the draft, all forms of transport must be made women-friendly. ―In buses, the first half of the seats shall be earmarked for women, and the front exit/entrance shall be used only by women,‖ it said. The policy would be implemented over five years.

Question 48

The parliamentary panel assigned to examine the landmark bill which seeks to raise the legal age of marriage for women to 21 has only__ woman MP out of ____ members. The Prohibition of Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill, was referred to the___________. According to the members‘ list of the parliamentary standing committee, led by senior BJP leader_______ available on the Rajya Sabha website, _________ is the only woman among the ______ members it amends ______ personal laws

Answer 48

 The parliamentary panel assigned to examine the landmark bill which seeks to raise the legal age of marriage for women to 21 has only one woman MP out of 31 members. Parliamentary Standing Committee on Education, Women, Children, Youth and Sports. According to the members‘ list of the parliamentary standing committee, led by senior BJP leader Vinay Sahasrabuddhe, available on the Rajya Sabha website, TMC MP Sushmita Dev is the only woman among the 31 members 7

Question 49

 The Centre has notified rules for Consumer Protection ________________Rules, 2021. The revised pecuniary jurisdiction for entertaining consumer complaints shall be up to _______ rupees for District Commissions, more than_______ rupees for State Commissions and _________ for National Commission. The ____________ promulgates a three-tier quasi-judicial mechanism for redressal of consumer disputes namely District Commissions, State Commissions and National Commission.

Answer 49

 The Centre has notified rules for Consumer Protection (Jurisdiction of the District Commission, the State Commission and the National Commission) Rules, 2021. The revised pecuniary jurisdiction for entertaining consumer complaints shall be up to 50 lakh rupees for District Commissions, more than 50 lakh to two crore rupees for State Commissions and more than two crore rupees for National Commission. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 promulgates a three-tier quasi-judicial mechanism for redressal of consumer disputes namely District Commissions, State Commissions and National Commission.

Question 50

Uttar Pradesh Gets Its First Water Sports Complex in ________

Answer 50

Uttar Pradesh Gets Its First Water Sports Complex in Gorakhpur (ramgarh tal)

Question 51

Chief Minister _________ launched the online RTI portal of the department of administrative reforms. With this__________ became the first state amongst small states and fourth after __________ to launch the portal.

Answer 51

Chief Minister Jai Ram Thakur launched the online RTI portal of the department of administrative reforms. With this Himachal Pradesh became the first state amongst small states and fourth after Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh to launch the portal.

Question 52

Uttar Pradesh‘s first data centre park to be set up in ________. The government has given approval to__________ to realize the datacenter dreams in the state. It will be set up at an estimated cost of________

Answer 52

Uttar Pradesh‘s first data centre park to be set up in Greater Noida The government has given approval to Yotta Infrastructure to realize the datacenter dreams in the state. It will be set up at an estimated cost of Rs 7,000 crore.

Question 53

The Army, with support from the ___________ has recently established the Quantum Lab at ___________ in Madhya Pradesh to spearhead research and training in this key developing field

Answer 53

The Army, with support from the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) has recently established the Quantum Lab at Military College of Telecommunication Engineering, Mhow in Madhya Pradesh to spearhead research and training in this key developing field

Question 54

________ and ________ releases 2nd edition of 'Innovations for You‘ and ' The Ingenious Tinkerers‘ Innovations for You are a compendium of innovations focused on_______ featuring _____ start-ups supported by Atal Incubation Centers of Atal Innovation Mission. The Ingenious Tinkerers is a compendium on the innovations in technology featuring ________ from Atal Tinkering Lab

Answer 54

AIM and NITI Aayog releases 2nd edition of 'Innovations for You‘ and 'The Ingenious Tinkerers‘ Innovations for You are a compendium of innovations focused on agriculture featuring 70 start-ups supported by Atal Incubation Centers of Atal Innovation Mission. The Ingenious Tinkerers is a compendium on the innovations in technology featuring 41 innovations from Atal Tinkering Lab

Question 55

____________ a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy _________ has achieved a remarkable milestone of distributing _______LED bulbs under Project Crore of their Gram Ujala programme. Gram Ujala scheme is being implemented in rural households in _________. ______ is providing high quality_-Watt and___-Watt LED bulbs with_____ years guarantee at a cost of INR______ per bulb in exchange of working incandescent bulbs. Every household can exchange a maximum of ____ bulbs. The programme is active till __________ Gram Ujala was launched by the Union minister of power and new and renewable energy ___ in _______ Under the initiative, LED bulbs will be distributed at a highly subsidised rate at Rs.__ across _____ villages in ______states of ____________

Answer 55

Convergence Energy Services Limited (CESL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Efficiency Services Limited (EESL), has achieved a remarkable milestone of distributing 50 lakhs LED bulbs under Project Crore of their Gram Ujala programme. Gram Ujala scheme is being implemented in rural households in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Telangana. CESL is providing high quality 7-Watt and 12-Watt LED bulbs with 3 years guarantee at a cost of INR 10 per bulb in exchange of working incandescent bulbs. Every household can exchange a maximum of 5 bulbs. The programme is active till March 31, 2022. Gram Ujala was launched by the Union minister of power and new and renewable energy RK Singh in March 2021 Under the initiative, LED bulbs will be distributed at a highly subsidised rate at Rs. 10 across 2,579 villages in five states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka

Question 56

The __________ innovation cell released the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) 2021 on December 29. ARIIA 2021 classifies participating institutions into two major categories; technical and non-technical.  In the technical ranking, __________ been recognized as the Most Innovative Educational Institute in India. This is the ______ time that _______ has secured the first rank. _________ were placed at the second and third ranks respectively

Answer 56

The Ministry of Education‘s innovation cell released the Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements (ARIIA) 2021 on December 29. ARIIA 2021 classifies participating institutions into two major categories; technical and non-technical.  In the technical ranking, the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has been recognised as the Most Innovative Educational Institute in India. This is the third time that IIT Madras has secured the first rank. IIT Bombay and IIT Delhi were placed at the second and third ranks respectively

Question 57

India will chair the_________ of UNSC in January 2022 after ______. This Committee was formed in________ soon after the tragic terrorist attack of 9/11 in New York, while India had chaired this Committee in the Security Council in ______. The _______ was established by Security Council resolution ______ adopted unanimously in the wake of the 9/11 terror attacks in the US India has been asked to Chair three important Committees of the Security Council, which include the ___________

Answer 57

India will chair the Counter-Terrorism Committee of UNSC in January 2022 after 10 years. This Committee was formed in September 2001 soon after the tragic terrorist attack of 9/11 in New York, while India had chaired this Committee in the Security Council in 2011-12. The Counter-Terrorism Committee was established by Security Council resolution 1373 adopted unanimously in the wake of the 9/11 terror attacks in the US. India has been asked to Chair three important Committees of the Security Council, which include the Taliban Sanctions Committee, Counterterrorism Committee, and the Libyan Sanctions Committee.

Question 58

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Kanpur and inaugurated the completed section of Kanpur Metro Rail Project. During the programme, the Prime Minister also inaugurated the__________ The completed section of the Kanpur Metro Rail Project is ___Km long section from IIT Kanpur to Moti Jheel. The Prime Minister will inspect the Kanpur Metro Rail Project and undertake a metro ride. The entire length of the Metro Rail Project in Kanpur is ____ and is being built at a cost of over____ crore rupees. The Prime Minister also inaugurated the _____ Multiproduct Pipeline Project. Extending from____ refinery in______ to _____ in ______ the _____ long project has a capacity of around _______ million metric tonne per annum. The project has been built at a cost of over ______ crore rupees

Answer 58

Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Kanpur and inaugurated the completed section of Kanpur Metro Rail Project. During the programme, the Prime Minister also inaugurated the Bina-Panki Multiproduct Pipeline Project. The completed section of the Kanpur Metro Rail Project is 9 Km long section from IIT Kanpur to Moti Jheel. The Prime Minister will inspect the Kanpur Metro Rail Project and undertake a metro ride. The entire length of the Metro Rail Project in Kanpur is 32 Km and is being built at a cost of over 11,000 crore rupees. The Prime Minister also inaugurated the Bina-Panki Multiproduct Pipeline Project. Extending from Bina refinery in Madhya Pradesh to Panki in Kanpur, the 356 KM long project has a capacity of around 3.45 million metric tonne per annum. The project has been built at a cost of over 1500 crore rupees

Question 59

Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation of the Rs 6,700-crore ______ Dam project from Himachal Pradesh‘s Mandi town. The project on the_______ River in_____ district, once completed, is expected to generate _____ units of energy in a surface power house with _____ installed capacity which would be utilized by the state. The Himachal Pradesh government claims that the storage capacity of the dam would be____ million cubic meters which would fulfill about 40 per cent of the drinking water requirement of Delhi. . It finally takes shape following cooperation on behalf of _____ states — ____________

Answer 59

Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation of the Rs 6,700-crore Renukaji Dam project from Himachal Pradesh‘s Mandi town. The project on the Giri River in Sirmaur district, once completed, is expected to generate 200 million units of energy in a surface power house with 40 MW installed capacity which would be utilized by the state. The Himachal Pradesh government claims that the storage capacity of the dam would be 498 million cubic meters which would fulfill about 40 per cent of the drinking water requirement of Delhi. . It finally takes shape following cooperation on behalf of six states — Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Delhi

Question 60

The ________ government has credited farmer welfare schemes for the state‘s No. 1 rank in agriculture and allied sectors in the Good Governance Index 2021 by recording ______ growth over the last two years. the growth rate in the agriculture and allied sectors was _____ in 2019. ―The growth in the horticulture produce went up from_____ to______ in the last two years and growth in the dairy sector increased from _____to ______ the government has set up the_______ as one-point-facilitation centres at________ locations in the state

Answer 60

The Andhra Pradesh government has credited farmer welfare schemes for the state‘s No. 1 rank in agriculture and allied sectors in the Good Governance Index 2021 by recording 11.3% growth over the last two years the growth rate in the agriculture and allied sectors was 6.3% in 2019. ―The growth in the horticulture produce went up from 4.7% to 12.3% in the last two years and growth in the dairy sector increased from 1.4% to 11.7%. the government has set up the Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) as one-point-facilitation centres at 10,778 locations in the state

Question 61

Minister of Agriculture, Narendra Singh Tomar has said that, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, agriculture is being given priority and 1 lakh 62 thousand crore rupees have been provided to 11.5 crore farmers in the country under______ He inaugurated the four-day agriculture exhibition _________ in _________

Answer 61

Minister of Agriculture, Narendra Singh Tomar has said that, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, agriculture is being given priority and 1 lakh 62 thousand crore rupees have been provided to 11.5 crore farmers in the country under PM Kisan Yojana. He inaugurated the four-day agriculture exhibition 'Agrovision‘, in Nagpur, Maharashtra

Question 62

In an attempt to to minimize traffic woes and enhance safety of commuters, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari launched the first Intelligent Transport System on __________

Answer 62

In an attempt to to minimize traffic woes and enhance safety of commuters, Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari launched the first Intelligent Transport System on Eastern Peripheral Expressway at Dasna, Ghaziabad.

Question 63

in exercise of powers conferred by Section of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, ______ the Central Government hereby declares that the whole of the state of Nagaland to be 'disturbed area‘ for a period of _____with effect from _____

Answer 63

in exercise of powers conferred by Section 3 of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958, the Central Government hereby declares that the whole of the state of Nagaland to be ‗disturbed area‘ for a period of six months with effect from December 30, 2021

Question 64

The ministry of _______set up a high-level committee, headed by ________ a secretary-rank officer, to look into the possibility of withdrawing the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act from Nagaland in the wake of rising tension in the state over the killing of 14 civilians. member secretary- ________

Answer 64

The ministry of home affairs set up a high-level committee, headed by Vivek Joshi, a secretary-rank officer, to look into the possibility of withdrawing the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act from Nagaland in the wake of rising tension in the state over the killing of 14 civilians. Piyush Goyal

Question 65

Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), 1958 is an act of the Parliament of India that grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces to maintain public order in ―disturbed areas‖. According to the _________ once declared ‗disturbed‘, the area has to maintain status quo for a minimum of___ months. One such act passed on_____ was applicable to the Naga Hills, then part of Assam. In the following decades it spread, one by one, to the other Seven Sister States in India‘s northeast (at present, it is in force in the ____________ Another one passed in________ and applicable to Punjab and Chandigarh was withdrawn in ______ , roughly 14 years after it came to force. An act passed in _______ was applied to Jammu and Kashmir and has been in force since.

Answer 65

Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), 1958 is an act of the Parliament of India that grants special powers to the Indian Armed Forces to maintain public order in ―disturbed areas‖. According to the Disturbed Areas (Special Courts) Act, 1976 once declared ‗disturbed‘, the area has to maintain status quo for a minimum of 6 months. One such act passed on 11 September 1958 was applicable to the Naga Hills, then part of Assam. In the following decades it spread, one by one, to the other Seven Sister States in India‘s northeast (at present, it is in force in the States of Assam, Nagaland, Manipur {excluding Imphal Municipal Council Area}, Changlang, Longding and Tirap districts of Arunachal Pradesh, and areas falling within the jurisdiction of the eight police stations of districts in Arunachal Pradesh bordering the State of Assam). Another one passed in 1983 and applicable to Punjab and Chandigarh was withdrawn in 1997, roughly 14 years after it came to force. An act passed in 1990 was applied to Jammu and Kashmir and has been in force since.

Question 66

``` Toppers of the GGI- with increase in growth UT Topper- Released by- Indicators- sectors- GG Day- improved states- commerce and industry topper- categories of states- ```

Answer 66

``` Gujarat(12.3%) (has topped the composite ranking in the Good Governance Index (GGI), followed by Maharashtra (24.7) and Goa delhi amit shah 58 10 20 up (8.9) The GGI 2020-21 categorizes states and union territories into four categories, - other states - Group A; other states - group B; North-East and hill states and union territories. ```

Question 67

―The Healthy States, Progressive India‖ report — compiled by the______,_______ and the_____ for a _____edition between 2019-2020 — surveyed_____ large states, _____ small states and ______ Union Territories. It did not include ____ ____ and_______ due to unavailability of adequate data. ``` large state toppers- ___________ north eastern- worst large state/most improved- worst NE state- worst UTs ```

Answer 67

―The Healthy States, Progressive India‖ report — compiled by the Niti Aayog, Union Health Ministry and the World Bank for a fourth edition between 2019-2020 — surveyed 19 large states, eight small states and seven Union Territories. It did not include West Bengal and Ladakh due to unavailability of adequate data. Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, AP, Maharashtra Mizoram UP Nagaland Delhi and J and K kerala- 80.22 UP- 30.57 (last year diff was 56.54)

Question 68

The draft paper of the Delimitation Commission has proposed ____ additional Assembly seats for Jammu and Kashmir —____ in Jammu division and ___ in Kashmir valley. For the_____ time, the commission proposed reserving_____ seats for Scheduled Tribes (STs) on the basis of population. _____ seats are proposed for the Scheduled Caste (SC) community.

Answer 68

The draft paper of the Delimitation Commission has proposed seven additional Assembly seats for Jammu and Kashmir — six in Jammu division and one in Kashmir valley. For the first time, the commission proposed reserving nine seats for Scheduled Tribes (STs) on the basis of population. Seven seats are proposed for the Scheduled Caste (SC) community.

Question 69

With the proposed addition, the total Assembly constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir has risen to_____ — in Jammu, the number of seats has gone up to____ from 37_____ and in Kashmir, by_____ seat to _____ An additional____ seats are proposed to be reserved for Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). It said that the______ census was the basis for carving out the new seats. According to the census, the population of the Kashmir division was _____ lakh and Jammu _____ lakh.

Answer 69

With the proposed addition, the total Assembly constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir has risen to 90 — in Jammu, the number of seats has gone up to 43 from 37, and in Kashmir, by one seat to 47. An additional 24 seats are proposed to be reserved for Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). It said that the 2011 census was the basis for carving out the new seats. According to the census, the population of the Kashmir division was 68.8 lakh and Jammu 53.5 lakh.

Question 70

Jammu and Kashmir will now have a ______ member Legislative Assembly, up from the _______ prior to the Centre‘s decision to end the special constitutional position of the erstwhile State.

Answer 70

Jammu and Kashmir will now have a 90-member Legislative Assembly, up from the 87 prior to the Centre‘s decision to end the special constitutional position of the erstwhile State.

Question 71

After the abrogation of Jammu and Kashmir‘s special status in ___, the government set up the Delimitation Commission headed by retired Supreme Court judge ________. Chief Election Commissioner _______ and J&K Election Commissioner_____ are the two ex-officio members in the panel.

Answer 71

Chief Election Commissioner | Sushil Chandra and J&K Election Commissioner KK Sharma are the two ex-officio members in the panel.

Question 72

Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of _______ and Assembly constituencies to represent changes in population and is done on the basis of the preceding Census. This exercise is carried out by a Delimitation Commission, whose orders have the force of law and cannot be questioned before any court. Article _____ provides the Parliament with the authority to enact a Delimitation Act after every Census. Article_____ provides for the States to get divided into territorial constituencies as per the Delimitation Act after every Census.

Answer 72

Delimitation is the act of redrawing boundaries of Lok Sabha and Assembly constituencies to represent changes in population and is done on the basis of the preceding Census. This exercise is carried out by a Delimitation Commission, whose orders have the force of law and cannot be questioned before any court. Article 82 provides the Parliament with the authority to enact a Delimitation Act after every Census. Article 170 provides for the States to get divided into territorial constituencies as per the Delimitation Act after every Census.

Question 73

Delimitation Commission of India has been | set up for four times till now-__________

Answer 73

Delimitation Commission of India has been | set up for four times till now-1952, 1963, 1971 and 2002.

Question 74

the region‘s special status — which was scrapped by the Centre in August 2019. Until then, the delimitation of Lok Sabha seats in J&K was governed by the________. But the delimitation of the state‘s Assembly seats was governed by the __________

Answer 74

the region‘s special status — which was scrapped by the Centre in August 2019. Until then, the delimitation of Lok Sabha seats in J&K was governed by the Constitution of India. But the delimitation of the state‘s Assembly seats was governed by the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution and Jammu and Kashmir Representation of the People Act, 1957

Question 75

Assembly seats in J&K were delimited in _______ The last exercise was conducted by the Justice (retired)_______ when the state was under President‘s Rule and was based on the _______ census, which formed the basis of the state elections in ______. There was no census in the state in______ and no Delimitation Commission was set up by the state government after the_______ census as the J&K Assembly passed a law putting a freeze on the fresh delimitation of seats until ____ . This freeze was upheld by the Supreme Court. The freeze, some political parties argue, has created inequity for the _________

Answer 75

Assembly seats in J&K were delimited in 1963, 1973 and 1995. The last exercise was conducted by the Justice (retired) KK Gupta Commission when the state was under President‘s Rule and was based on the 1981 census, which formed the basis of the state elections in 1996. There was no census in the state in 1991 and no Delimitation Commission was set up by the state government after the 2001 census as the J&K Assembly passed a law putting a freeze on the fresh delimitation of seats until 2026. This freeze was upheld by the Supreme Court. The freeze, some political parties argue, has created inequity for the Jammu region.

Question 76

Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the longest expressway of Uttar Pradesh Ganga Expressway in _______ district. The_____ Km long six-lane Expressway will be built at a cost of over _____ crore. Starting near the_____ village in _______, the Expressway will extend till near the ______ village in__________

Answer 76

Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the longest expressway of Uttar Pradesh Ganga Expressway in Shahjahanpur district. The 594 Km long six-lane Expressway will be built at a cost of over Rs 36,200 crore. Starting near the Bijauli village in Meerut, the Expressway will extend till near the Judapur Dandu village in Prayagraj

Question 77

India‘s first International Arbitration and Mediation Centre opened in ___________

Answer 77

India‘s first International Arbitration and Mediation Centre opened in Hyderabad

Question 78

The Centre introduced the_________ to link voter identity and Aadhaar cards, despite objections by the Opposition parties over the move. Law Minister Kiren Rijiju clarified that the Amendment was only meant to stop bogus and fraudulent voting. According to the statement of objects and reasons, the Bill aims to ―curb the menace of multiple enrolment of the same person in different places. The qualifying dates in relation to the preparation or revision of electoral rolls will be first days of________ once the Bill becomes an act

Answer 78

The Centre introduced the Election Laws (Amendment Bill) 2021 to link voter identity and Aadhaar cards, despite objections by the Opposition parties over the move. Law Minister Kiren Rijiju clarified that the Amendment was only meant to stop bogus and fraudulent voting. According to the statement of objects and reasons, the Bill aims to ―curb the menace of multiple enrolment of the same person in different places‖. The qualifying dates in relation to the preparation or revision of electoral rolls will be first days of January, April, July and October once the Bill becomes an act

Question 79

―The Amendment of the ______ of the _________ and Section_______ of the_______ for substitution of the word ―wife‖ with the word ―spouse‖ making the statues gender neutral,‖ it added. It provides for amendment of section 23 of the Representation of People‘s Act, 1950, enabling the linking of electoral roll data with the Aadhaar ecosystem

Answer 79

The Amendment of the Section 20 of the Representation of the People‘s Act 1950 and Section 60 of the RP Act 1951 for substitution of the word wide with the word ―spouse making the statues gender neutral, it added. It provides for amendment of section 23 of the Representation of People‘s Act, 1950, enabling the linking of electoral roll data with the Aadhaar ecosystem

Question 80

In _____, the move to link voter ID to Aadhaar was put on the backburner after the Supreme Court Judgment. When it held that ―the Aadhaar card Scheme is purely voluntary. Besides this, Aadhaar was only meant to be proof of residence. I

Answer 80

In 2015, the move to link voter ID to Aadhaar was put on the backburner after the Supreme Court Judgment. When it held that ―the Aadhaar card Scheme is purely voluntary. Besides this, Aadhaar was only meant to be proof of residence. I

Question 81

The Jharkhand government launched the__________ to enable systemic registration of migrant workers for monitoring and analysis in the source as well as the destination districts. To begin with, the government will have two help desks—which will be known as labor consulates‘—in ______Union Territory as well as in _______

Answer 81

The Jharkhand government launched the Safe and Responsible Migration Initiative (SRMI) to enable systemic registration of migrant workers for monitoring and analysis in the source as well as the destination districts. To begin with, the government will have two help desks—which will be known as 'labor consulates‘—in Ladakh Union Territory as well as in Kerala

Question 82

The Tamil Nadu government announced_______ an invocation sung in praise of Mother Tamil, as the state anthem and directed that all present during its rendition should remain standing. The decision comes in the wake of the Madras High Court recently ruling that __________ is a prayer song and not an anthem. The __________ the invocation to mother Tamil enjoys official status since _______

Answer 82

The Tamil Nadu government announced 'Tamil Thaai Vaazhthu,‘ an invocation sung in praise of Mother Tamil, as the state anthem and directed that all present during its rendition should remain standing. The decision comes in the wake of the Madras High Court recently ruling that 'Tamil Thai Vaazhthu‘ is a prayer song and not an anthem. The 'Tamil Thai Vaazhthu,‘ the invocation to mother Tamil enjoys official status since 1970

Question 83

________ in partnership with __________ launched a South-South innovation platform to enable cross-border exchange of innovations, insights and investments in July this year 2021. Through this platform, cross-border collaborations among emerging markets across ________________ would be enabled.

Answer 83

AIM, NITI Aayog in partnership with UNCDF, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Rabo Foundation launched a South-South innovation platform to enable cross-border exchange of innovations, insights and investments in July this year 2021. Through this platform, cross-border collaborations among emerging markets across India, Indonesia, Malawi, Malaysia, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia would be enabled.

Question 84

The government of India has launched a campaign namely_______________ to increase awareness regarding protection and exploitation of Intellectual Property (IP) and also to provide funding support in order to promote filing of the Intellectual Property (IP)in Higher Education Institutions

Answer 84

The government of India has launched a campaign namely Kalam Program for Intellectual Property Literacy and Awareness Campaign (KAPILA) to increase awareness regarding protection and exploitation of Intellectual Property (IP) and also to provide funding support in order to promote filing of the Intellectual Property (IP)in Higher Education Institutions

Question 85

``` The module of GIS based Water Supply system for Cantonment Boards has been developed by Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo informatics (BISAG) under the guidance of Defence Secretary and Director General of Defence Estates, Delhi. ```

Answer 85

``` The module of GIS based Water Supply system for Cantonment Boards has been developed by Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space Applications and Geo informatics (BISAG) under the guidance of Defence Secretary and Director General of Defence Estates, Delhi ```

Question 86

_______ a Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise for BIMSTEC member nations, organised at ______________ The exercise is being attended by delegates and subject matter experts from_____________

Answer 86

PANEX-21, a Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) Exercise for BIMSTEC member nations, organized at College of Military Engineering in Pune, Maharashtra. The exercise is being attended by delegates and subject matter experts from India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand

Question 87

The _______________ (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of ______ South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of $3.8 trillion (2021). The BIMSTEC member states – ______________– are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal._________ priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centres have been established to focus on those sectors. A BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation (c. 2018), also referred to as the _________ Leadership is rotated in _______order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in__________

Answer 87

The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of $3.8 trillion (2021). The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand– are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal. Fourteen priority sectors of cooperation have been identified and several BIMSTEC centres have been established to focus on those sectors. A BIMSTEC free trade agreement is under negotiation (c. 2018), also referred to as the mini SAARC. Leadership is rotated in alphabetical order of country names. The permanent secretariat is in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Question 88

_______ has entered into an agreement with _________ to address issues related to inclusion of millets in government programme The government of India had observed_____ as a year of millets to encourage and promote millet production in India and declared _____ as the International Year of Millets, in line with the United Nations General Assembly resolution.

Answer 88

NITI Aayog has entered into an agreement with United Nations World Food Program (WFP) to address issues related to inclusion of millets in government programme The government of India had observed 2018 as a year of millets to encourage and promote millet production in India and declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets, in line with the United Nations General Assembly resolution.

Question 89

WFP DATE AND HQ

Answer 89

1961; ROME

Question 90

Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik inaugurated _______, the State‘s longest bridge over _______ in Cuttack district. The ______ km long bridge, connecting ________ in ______, _______ in _____ to _________ located in the middle of the river, has been built in the shape of English alphabet_____ at a cost of Rs _______ crore. The bridge, which has a footpath of ______ metre width on its both sides, will benefit people of _______ and _______ and reduce the distance between ______ and ________ in _____ by 45 km. The_____ metre wide bridge will facilitate communication for around five lakh people of the nearby localities besides improving agriculture, business and tourism activities in and around the area. It will also benefit devotees visiting Baba Singhanath‘s Bali Makar Jatra in Badamba block. Every year, the State government builds a 3-km long fair weather road (pedestrian track) on the Mahanadi river bed at a cost of Rs 14- Rs15 lakh to facilitate communication for devotees. _________ is current Governor of Odisha.

Answer 90

Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik inaugurated T-Setu, the State‘s longest bridge over Mahanadi in Cuttack district. The 3.4 km long bridge, connecting Gopinathpur in Badamba, Baideswar in Banki to Singhanath Pitha located in the middle of the river, has been built in the shape of English alphabet ‗T‘ at a cost of Rs 111 crore. The bridge, which has a footpath of 1.5 metre width on its both sides, will benefit people of Cuttack and Khurda and reduce the distance between Badamba and Baideswar in Banki by 45 km. The 7.5 metre wide bridge will facilitate communication for around five lakh people of the nearby localities besides improving agriculture, business and tourism activities in and around the area. It will also benefit devotees visiting Baba Singhanath‘s Bali Makar Jatra in Badamba block. Every year, the State government builds a 3-km long fair weather road (pedestrian track) on the Mahanadi river bed at a cost of Rs 14- Rs15 lakh to facilitate communication for devotees. . Ganeshi Lal is current Governor of Odisha.

Question 91

_______ and ________ launch Centre of Excellence on Water Reuse

Answer 91

NMCG and TERI launch Centre of Excellence on Water Reuse

Question 92

The _________ Assembly unanimously cleared the Shakti Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2020 on crimes against women and children. The legislation recommends capital punishment in rape cases, a time limit of______ days to complete the probe from the day of registering the complaint, and places the onus on__________ and ________ companies to share data for the police investigation.

Answer 92

The Maharashtra Assembly unanimously cleared the Shakti Criminal Laws (Maharashtra Amendment) Bill, 2020 on crimes against women and children. The legislation recommends capital punishment in rape cases, a time limit of 30 days to complete the probe from the day of registering the complaint, and places the onus on social media platforms and Internet data providing companies to share data for the police investigation.

Question 93

First in country, ECI to increase voting time by 1 hr in __________ due to terrain

Answer 93

First in country, ECI to increase voting time by 1 hr in Uttarakhand due to terrain

Question 94

The Government notified the semiconductor policy which was cleared by the Cabinet. According to the gazette notification, the government will provide up to _____ of Project cost for____ semiconductor and____ display fabs in the country. The Application window starts ______ and will be open for ______. Support under the scheme shall be provided on pari-passu basis for a period of______ years. Design Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme shall offer financial incentives as well as design infrastructure support across various stages of development and deployment of semiconductor design for Integrated Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, System on Chips (SoCs), over a period of____ years and will nurture close to____ domestic companies of semiconductor design and facilitate growth of not less than_______ such companies to achieve turnover of more than _______ in the next 5 years.

Answer 94

The Government notified the semiconductor policy which was cleared by the Cabinet. According to the gazette notification, the government will provide up to 50% of Project cost for two semiconductor and two display fabs in the country.  The Application window starts January 1 and will be open for 45 days. Support under the scheme shall be provided on pari-passu basis for a period of six years.  Design Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme shall offer financial incentives as well as design infrastructure support across various stages of development and deployment of semiconductor design for Integrated Circuits (ICs), Chipsets, System on Chips (SoCs), over a period of 5 years and will nurture close to 100 domestic companies of semiconductor design and facilitate growth of not less than 20 such companies to achieve turnover of more than Rs.1500 Crore in the next 5 years.

Question 95

Indian Army launched a contemporary messaging application named _______. ________ stands for _______________. The application is being deployed on the Army‘s internal network as a replacement of ____________ which has been in service for past the _________

Answer 95

Indian Army launched a contemporary messaging application named ASIGMA. ASIGMA stands for Army Secure Indigenous Messaging Application. The application is being deployed on the Army‘s internal network as a replacement of Army Wide Area Network messaging application which has been in service for past the 15 years.

Question 96

_______ ______launched the first of its kind Vernacular Innovation Program which enables innovators and entrepreneurs to have access to the innovative ecosystem in 22 mother tongue languages

Answer 96

Atal Innovation Mission, Niti Aayog launched the first of its kind Vernacular Innovation Program which enables innovators and entrepreneurs to have access to the innovative ecosystem in 22 mother tongue languages

Question 97

_________ Wetland of Western________ has been recognized as 47th Ramsar site in the country and _______ in Uttar Pradesh and_________ in the world, which has been confirmed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. India‘s efforts to improve its wetlands and preserve its ecology is bearing fruits as India is now a land of 47 Ramsar sites. The latest on the list is________________ wetland. It has been added to the list of Indian wetlands of international importance.  The human-made ________ wetland spreads over an area of________ hectares in_________ Formed in _________ on a floodplain of the River ________ on the Madhya Ganga Barrage, the wetland is located within the boundaries of ____________

Answer 97

Haiderpur Wetland of Western Uttar Pradesh has been recognized as 47th Ramsar site in the country and 10th in Uttar Pradesh and 2463rd in the world, which has been confirmed by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.  India‘s efforts to improve its wetlands and preserve its ecology is bearing fruits as India is now a land of 47 Ramsar sites. The latest on the list is Uttar Pradesh‘s Haiderpur wetland. It has been added to the list of Indian wetlands of international importance.  The human-made Haiderpur wetland spreads over an area of 6,908 hectares in Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh. Formed in 1984 on a floodplain of the River Ganga on the Madhya Ganga Barrage, the wetland is located within the boundaries of Hastinapur Wildlife Sanctuary.

Question 98

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental treaty adopted on_________ in the ______ city of Ramsar, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. It is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. It came into force for India on_______ . It is also known as the _________

Answer 98

The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an intergovernmental treaty adopted on February 2, 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. It is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. It came into force for India on February 1, 1982. It is also known as the Convention on Wetland

Question 99

Chairperson, Lokpal of India, Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose inaugurates Digital Platform for Management of complaints-_________

Answer 99

Chairperson, Lokpal of India, Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose inaugurates Digital Platform for Management of complaints- ‗LokpalOnline‘

Question 100

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act was passed in 2013 with amendments in parliament, following the Jan Lokpal movement led by_______ in _____. The Lokpal is responsible for enquiring into corruption charges at the national level while the Lokayukta performs the same function at the state level. The age of Lokpal (chairperson or member) on the date of assuming office as the chairperson or a member should not be less than _____ years

Answer 100

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas A General Awareness Weekly, 2021 Page : 4 Act was passed in 2013 with amendments in parliament, following the Jan Lokpal movement led by Anna Hazare in 2011. The Lokpal is responsible for enquiring into corruption charges at the national level while the Lokayukta performs the same function at the state level. The age of Lokpal (chairperson or member) on the date of assuming office as the chairperson or a member should not be less than 45 years

Question 101

The Geographical Indications Registry (GIR) under the Central ministry of commerce has accepted the plea to rename Bihar Makhana as_________ and also suggested further amendments in the brand logo to better reflect its origins apart from identifying and protecting the product‘s Geographical Indications (GI) rights

Answer 101

The Geographical Indications Registry (GIR) under the Central ministry of commerce has accepted the plea to rename Bihar Makhana as Mithila Makhana and also suggested further amendments in the brand logo to better reflect its origins apart from identifying and protecting the product‘s Geographical Indications (GI) rights

Question 102

India, as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), enacted the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 has come into force with effect from_________. GIs have been defined under _______ of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement

Answer 102

India, as a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), enacted the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 has come into force with effect from 15 September 2003. GIs have been defined under Article 22 (1) of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement

Question 103

India‘s _______ has been crowned Miss Universe 2021, two decades after ______won the title in______ 21-year-old Harnaaz has won the Miss Universe crown at the contest held in_______ Harnaaz edged out contestants from______ and ________ to bag the crown .India had earlier won the coveted crown twice with ________ bagging the title in_______ and Lara Dutta in ________

Answer 103

India‘s Harnaaz Sandhu has been crowned Miss Universe 2021, two decades after Lara Dutta won the title in 2000. 21-year-old Harnaaz has won the Miss Universe crown at the contest held in Eilat, Israel. Harnaaz edged out contestants from Paraguay and South Africa to bag the crown. India had earlier won the coveted crown twice with Sushmita Sen bagging the title in 1994 and Lara Dutta in 2000

Question 104

The title ―Miss Universe‖ was first used by the __________ in _______. This contest was held annually until _____, when the Great Depression and other events preceding World War II led to its demise. Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by the______–based _________

Answer 104

The title ―Miss Universe was first used by the International Pageant of Pulchritude in 1926. This contest was held annually until 1935, when the Great Depression and other events preceding World War II led to its demise. Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by the United States–based Miss Universe Organization

Question 105

India has been re-elected to the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Council after elections were held at its Assembly in_______ for the________ biennium. The 32nd Assembly of IMO is currently meeting at the IMO headquarters in _________

Answer 105

The 32nd Assembly of IMO is | currently meeting at the IMO headquarters in London; london; 2022-2023

Question 106

The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference held in ________ in ______ and the IMO came into existence ten years later, meeting for the first time in _____. Headquartered in ______ , the IMO currently has______ member states and three associate members.________ is the current South Korean secretary general of the IMO

Answer 106

The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference held in Geneva in 1948 and the IMO came into existence ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959. Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, the IMO currently has 174 member states and three associate members. Kitack Lim is the current South Korean secretary general of the IMO

Question 107

Under the Majhi Vasundhara Abhiyan, which aims to inculcate climate-conscious and green values in the young minds of________ , the Department of Environment and Climate Change and UNICEF have developed the ‗Majhi Vasundhara‘ curriculum on environment for the school students. The new syllabus also aims at involving the students in the efforts for climate disaster mitigation.

Answer 107

Under the Majhi Vasundhara Abhiyan, which aims to inculcate climate-conscious and green values in the young minds of Maharashtra, the Department of Environment and Climate Change and UNICEF have developed the ‗Majhi Vasundhara‘ curriculum on environment for the school students. The new syllabus also aims at involving the students in the efforts for climate disaster mitigation.

Question 108

The ___________ ________ train on the Ramayana circuit commenced from Delhi‘s Safdarjung railway station.  In order to encourage vegetarian friendly railway services, the_________ in association with ________ provided 'vegetarian certification‘ to 'Shri Ramayan Yatra‘. ____________ becomes world first train to get vegetarian certification

Answer 108

The Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC)‘s ‗Shri Ramayana Yatra‘ train on the Ramayana circuit commenced from Delhi‘s Safdarjung railway station.  In order to encourage vegetarian friendly railway services, the Sattvik Council of India in association with Bureau Veritas (global audit partner) provided ‗vegetarian certification‘ to ‗Shri Ramayan Yatra‘ at Safdarjung railway station, New Delhi. IRCTC‘s Shri Ramayan Yatra‘ becomes world first train to get vegetarian certification

Question 109

Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage has inscribed _________ on the Representative List of the UNESCO‘s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity during its 16th session being held in Paris, France. Thus _________, an ancient festival celebrated in the country for many centuries, has found a place on this list. In total,______ Intangible Cultural Heritage elements from the country have now been inscribed on UNESCO‘s Representative List. The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity has ______ elements currently

Answer 109

Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage has inscribed 'Durga Puja in Kolkata‘ on the Representative List of the UNESCO‘s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity during its 16th session being held in Paris, France. Thus Durga Puja, an ancient festival celebrated in the country for many centuries, has found a place on this list. In total, 14 Intangible Cultural Heritage elements from the country have now been inscribed on UNESCO‘s Representative List. The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity has 492 elements currently

Question 110

UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance. The list was established in_______ when the ______ _____________ took effect.

Answer 110

UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance. The list was established in 2008 when the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage took effect.

Question 111

UNESCO was founded in______ as the successor to the ___________. It has ______ member states and 11 associate members, as well as partners in the non-governmental, intergovernmental, and private sector. Headquartered at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France

Answer 111

It has 193 member states and 11 associate members, as well as partners in the non-governmental, intergovernmental, and private sector. Headquartered at the World Heritage Centre in Paris, France

Question 112

The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in_________ and is responsible for management of a network of over 50,000 km of National Highways out of 1,32,499 km in India. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the__________ for satellite mapping of highways

Answer 112

``` The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is an autonomous agency of the Government of India, set up in 1995 (Act 1988) and is responsible for management of a network of over 50,000 km of National Highways out of 1,32,499 km in India. It is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. NHAI has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Indian Space Research Organisation for satellite mapping of highways ```

Question 113

_________ ________organizes world‘s first AI-technology based ‗HACKDAY 2021‘

Answer 113

Chitkara University . HP world‘s first AI-technology based ‗HACKDAY 2021‘

Question 114

The Child Marriage Restraint Act,________, passed on __________, in the Imperial Legislative Council of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at ______ years and boys at ______ years. In _____, after India‘s independence, it was amended to 15 for girls, and in ________ to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It is popularly known as the Sharda Act, after its sponsor ___________

Answer 114

The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, passed on 28 September 1929, in the Imperial Legislative Council of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years. In 1949, after India‘s independence, it was amended to 15 for girls, and in 1978 to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It is popularly known as the Sharda Act, after its sponsor Harbilas Sharda.

Question 115

SAHAY- Sports action towards harnessing potential of youth launched in _____________

Answer 115

Jharkhand

Question 116

West Bengal and Kerala were toppers in the large and small states categories respectively, in the 'Index on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy,‘ released. The index is an indicator of literacy among children below _____ years. There are four categories in which regions have been divided –________________  The report on the ‗Index on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy‘ was prepared by ‗____________ and released by ___________chairman __________. __________ and ______ are top-scoring regions in the Union Territory and Northeast state category, respectively. As far as worst performers are concerned, _______ has featured at the bottom in the list of UTs, while _________ came last in the North East category. The Index includes five pillars comprising 41 indicators. The five pillars are – _____________________

Answer 116

West Bengal and Kerala were toppers in the large and small states categories respectively, in the ‗Index on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy,‘ released. The index is an indicator of literacy among children below 10 years. There are four categories in which regions have been divided – large states, small states, Union Territories and North East.  The report on the ‗Index on Foundational Literacy and Numeracy‘ was prepared by ‗Institute for Competitiveness‘ and released by Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) chairman Bibek Debroy Lakshadweep (52.69) and Mizoram (51.64) are top-scoring regions in the Union Territory and Northeast state category, respectively. As far as worst performers are concerned, Ladakh has featured at the bottom in the list of UTs, while Arunachal Pradesh came last in the North East category. The Index includes five pillars comprising 41 indicators. The five pillars are – educational infrastructure, access to education, learning outcomes and governance.

Question 117

India‘s first food museum

Answer 117

Thanjavur

Question 118

The Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a statutory corporation created and run by the Government of India. It under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India formed by the enactment of____________ by the Parliament of India. Its top official is designated as Chairman who is a central government civil servant of the IAS cadre. It was set up in _________ with its initial headquarters at Chennai. Later this was moved to New __________

Answer 118

The Food Corporation of India (FCI) is a statutory corporation created and run by the Government of India. It is under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Government of India formed by the enactment of Food Corporation Act, 1964 by the Parliament of India. Its top official is designated as Chairman who is a central government civil servant of the IAS cadre. It was set up in 1965 with its initial headquarters at Chennai. Later this was moved to New Delhi. chairman - Sanjiv Kumar

Question 119

On the lines of _________ and_______, preparations are underway to implement the 'happiness curriculum‘ in primary schools of Uttar Pradesh under a pilot project to make the students more sensitive towards nature, society and the country

Answer 119

On the lines of Chhattisgarh and Delhi, preparations are underway to implement the 'happiness curriculum‘ in primary schools of Uttar Pradesh under a pilot project to make the students more sensitive towards nature, society and the country