Nationalism Flashcards
(21 cards)
Nationalism
a belief in the idea of a nation state and placing the interest of that nation above other nations
initiated by the french revolution by arguing that all men ‘are born and remained free and equal rights - Napoleonic wars - ‘citizens’ of a country rather then ‘subjects’ of a king
19th century ‘romantic nationalism’ -Monarchies and foreign control of territories was replaced by self determination and national governments
Liberalism
The belief in freedom of the individual
conservative
holding traditional values
Reactionary
Political views that favour a return to a previous political state of society that they believe possessed positive characteristics
Balance of power
a belief that no single power should be allowed to grow to powerful in Europe
Self determination
the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own government
Chancellor
the german equivalent of 1st minister or prime minister
Kaiser
german king
Junker
A Prussian aristocrat
subject
an individual under control of the monarch
Citizen
an individual who is a member of a nation state who has rights because they were born in that nation state
Napoleon and holy Roman empire
prior 1803 - German speaking central Europe & more than 300 political entities
1806- French army invaded HRE and carved german principalities into french allied states
-HRE dissolved
- inspired german liberal nationalism amoungst middle class
Congress of Vienna 1815
- A long term peace plan by maintaining balance of power in Europe
- Leaders were reactionaries and wanted to restore the royal families in the countries conquered by the french
- German confederation is created under presidency of Austria
German confederation
An association of 39 German- speaking states in Central Europe created by the COV in order to coordinate economics and replace HRE which was dissolved in 1806
- Austria became president - ensured Austrian supremacy within Central Europe & repress liberal nationalism
Liberal revolutions
1848 - series of political revolutions throughout Europe to remove old monarchical structures and creating independent nation-states
King Frederick William IV (Prussia)
- he declined to use armd forces to suppress the rebellion instead offering concessions to liberals
- promised to proclaim constitution
-agreed that german states should merge into a single nation - Frankfurt Parliament offered him the title of ‘Emperor of Germany” – he declined due to opposition of other German princes
1861 - he replaces his brother Wilhelm I as Kaiser of Prussia
Otto Van Bismark
chancellor of Prussia
- was a junker and an ‘arch conservative’
- Bismarck advocated the creation of ‘lesser Germany’ that excluded Austria after feat of Austria becoming the leading nation within ‘Greater Germany’
Realpolitik
a system of politics based on practical rather than moral idealogical considerations
‘Blood an iron’ speech - ‘The great question of the time will not be resolved by speeches and majority decsions - that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 - but by blood and iron’
with this policy he provoked three decisive wars against - Denmark, Austria and France – aligning smaller German states with Prussia
Serbia
1389 - Battle of Kosovo - Ottomans defeat Serbs - and become part of Ottoman empire
1787 - Austro - Turkish war - Austrian and Serbian troops defeat ottomans
Treaty of Sistova - Austria Agrees to Ottoman empire reoccupying Serbia
Serbian Revolution
1805 -15 - Serbia is recognised as an independent principality within the Ottoman empire
1878 - Congress of Berlin - formal Serbian independance recognised
