nationalism Flashcards
(13 cards)
what is liberal nationalism
-proposes liberal democracy in new nations rather than monarchy
-Freedom of the individual
-Respect sovereignty of other states
-Liberal state more important than nation identity
Thinkers Rousseau and Mazzini
What is Conservative Nationalism
-State develops organically rather than social contract
-Patriotism within society
-State exists to preserve organic nation
-Regressive nationalism, conserving traditon and reviving the past
Thinkers Herder, Maurras
What is Expansionist Nationalism
- The nation and its historic destiny are more important than individualism and democracy
- Chauvinistic nationalists see themselves as having cultural, racial or national superiority over others
Expansionists don’t respect sovereignty of other states, thus try and expand their borders with colonisation and dominate other states
-Characterised by militarism, historic destiny and mythical heroism
Thinkers Herder, Maurras
What is Postcolonial nationalism
-Colonised people should overcome oppressors to assert independence
-more concerned with nation building than democracy
-often subject to dictatorship in the interest of nation building and self preservation as a result
-Mixing Nationalism with other political creed like socialism or religious fundamentals leads to collective values which assist in creating a national community
Thinkers Garvey
what is Internationalism
The idea that the world should unite across boundaries to advance their common interests in society.
* Liberal internationalism perceives cooperation to be best
way to protect liberal values. E.G. Mazzini’s long-term
aspiration was a united and cooperating Europe.
* Marx/Engels perceive nationalism as part of ‘false
consciousness’ created to oppress the proletariat. They
believe global working class had common cause which
unified them more than any national identity.
what is Racialism
The idea that biological racial distinction is the most important factor of national identity.
* Now a minority viewpoint among nationalists.
* Racialism can be a neutral idea: exponents do not
necessarily perceive one race as superior to another.
* Most recognised when it is not neutral: nativism is the idea
that those who colonised a territory first should receive
preferential treatment, forming the political elite of society
and dominating society and the economy
what is Culturalism
The idea that national identity is based on a unique and shared cultural identity
* Grounded in deep emotional ties that are romantic or even
mystical (e.g. Herder’s Volksgeist).
* Associated in the C19 with nations who lacked a state – e.g.
Mazzini spoke of the ‘national spirit’ of Italians.
* Can be chauvinistic – e.g. British Empire believed its
cultural values were superior and attempted to project its
values onto indigenous peoples.
Nation Organic
Nation Imagined
civic nationalism
A form of nationalism designed mainly to confer rights and liberties to citizens rather than to require them to conform to any dominant national culture.
Civic nationalism prioritises the rights and liberties of citizens. Today’s nations with less obvious shared cultures tend to have the strongest sense of civic nationalism.
There is no requirement for citizens to celebrate shared cultural heritage and therefore civic nationalism is generally seen to be a form of inclusive nationalism.
The USA provides an example of a nation founded by a culturally diverse group of migrants who are educated to take pride in what they consider to be their freedoms enshrined in their constitution.
cultural integration
A policy which requires migrants to adopt the culture and values of the nation they are wanting to be part of.
Where nationalism aims to promote cultural integration, national unity is prioritised over individual liberty.
This is exemplified in Herder’s conception of the Volkgeist, and taking pride in the nation’s language and culture
A trend in Western Europe and North America is requiring migrants to take “citizenship tests” and shows a desire to test cultural integration.
Far from focusing on the rights and responsibilities of being a member of the British nation, some tests require applicants to know when England was last invaded (1066) and who was the captain of the World-Cup winning football team in 1966 (Bobby Moore).
ethno cultural integration
A form of nationalism which excludes people from the nation based on their ethnicity or cultural heritage.
Ethno-cultural nationalism is a form of exclusive nationalism. In this society, certain ethnicities are unconditionally denied membership and individuals who are members must put loyalty to the nation above all else.
Maurras advocated for exclusive nationalism when he insisted that Jewish people be denied membership of the French nation. This was the foundation of extreme versions of ethno-cultural nationalism in Nazi Germany. The Volksgemeinschaft required all members of Nazi society to be racially pure Aryans.
