Nationalism Flashcards
(28 cards)
Consensus of nationalists
-Nations are the only genuine community in a society
-The nation is the basis of a community
Self- determination
Nations being able to decide how they are governed
Nation-state
A nation of people who rule themselves in their own sovereign territory
Embraced by liberal nationalists, rejected by chauvinist nationalists
Colonialism
The extension of control by one country over another by settlement or economic domination
Civic nationalism
Shared vision of an individual’s duty to observe given national laws and, in turn, receive legal privileges
Volksgeist
The ‘spirit’ of a naiton, the unique identity of a people based on their culture
Patriotism
The embodiment of national cultural identity
Culturalism
-The view that people have an emotional connection with their nation that draws them together
-Emotional attachment opposed to civic nationalism
-Herder, each nation has tis own volksgeist
-His ideas have been appropriated by expansionists
Culturalism 2
-Concerned with protecting a nation’s unique culture so not necessarily focused on achieving self-determination e.g. most Welsh nationalism is not focused on achieving full statehood
-Strong links between patriotism and culturalism
-Membership of a nation may take time to develop (assimilation)
Herder quote
“There is only one class in the state, the Volk, and the King belongs to this class as well as the peasant”
Herder key concepts
-The volk
-Sturm und Drang
-Patriotism
Racialism
-The belief that humanity can be divided into different ‘races’ and that differences are biological and fixed.
-Racialism usually ascribes different traits to different races and hold some races superior to other races
-This leadsto a hierarchy
Garvey
-Ideas to create a pan-African economy
-Accepted the framework of race, observed power dynamics, however his ideas were not racialist nor racist
-Rejected the culture of the oppressors, individualism and white colonial economy
Liberal internationalism
-Largely compatible with liberal nationalism
-Applies the core ideas of liberal individualism to the nation
-Self-determination for the nation
-Interdependence and cooperation between nation-states
-Interdependence should lead to a more peaceful world
-Faith in supranational institutions such as the UN and the EU
Socialist internationalism
-Almost entirely incompatible with any form of nationalism
-Humans are not naturally divided into nations
-Humanity is connected as one whole
-Marx ‘the working man has no country’
-Nationalism and patriotism are part of a false consciousness
-Nationalism artificially divided the working class and weakens their ability to unite for the common good
Different types of nationalism
-Liberal nationalism
-Anti and post colonial nationalism
-Conservative nationalism
-Expansionist, chauvinistic nationalism
Liberal nationalism
-The application of liberal ideas of individualism to the nation
-Nationhood is inclusive and open
-Civic understanding of national membership
-Enlightenment thinking: the nation-state is the ultimate expression of rationalism
-Economic interdependence and free trade
-International cooperation and supranational organizations to protect weaker nation-states from more powerful ones
Conservative nationalism
-Inward looking and exclusive rather than inclusive
-Little interest in determination for other nations
-Mostly found in older nation-states
-Emphasis on creating and sustaining cohesion and social unity
-Nationhood seen in cultural terms
-Nostalgia used to create a cohesive society
-Mostly based on irrational, rather than rational values
Anti colonial
-Oppressed nations begins to recognize their oppression and reject the culture of their oppressors
-Can be viewed as a form of liberal nationalism
-Usually applied in the African, Asian and Latin American contexts
-Simon Bolivar, Mahatma Gandhi
Post-colonial nationalism
-After independence
-Seeking to throw off the ‘vestiges’ of colonialism
-Often anti-Western
-Often associated with socialism or black nationalism
-E.g. Fidel Castro or Marcus Garvey
Expansionist Nationalism
-Chauvinism
-Racialism
-Associated with fascism or imperialism.
-Autarky (economic self-suffiency)
-Militarism
-Regional or world domination
-Highly emotional, anti-rational
-Regressive ideas surrounding culture and folklore
Key Thinkers
-Rousseau, Liberal Nationalism
-Herder, Culturalism, conservative nationalism
-Mazzini, mix of liberal and conservative nationalism
-Maurras, expansionist nationalism and chauvinism
-Garvey, black nationalism and anti colonial nationalism
Rousseau General Will
-Government should be based on the invisible collective will of the community, (national community = nation), government should enforce this collective will, not direct it.
-Self government
-Universal application of the law within the community
-Civic nationalism, legitimacy comes from the active participation of citizens
-Social Contract, (1762, you give up your rights for protections from the state
Herder
-Volksgeist
-Culturalism
-Nations as organic, cultural groups
-Relations between nations allow an understanding of other nationalities and help people to understand what is distinctive about their own nation
-The volk can be understood by studying history, language, customs, religion, literature, folklore etc.
-Nations arise organically, cannot be created through civic nationalism
-Nationality and patriotism exceptionally important
