nationalism in the USSR and Eastern Bloc

Question 1

what was the Sinatra doctrine

Answer 1

renounced the USSR’s ‘right’ to intervene in the affairs of other socialist countries
different countries could follow their own path to communism
quickly led to revolutions against communist rule

Question 2

what did democratisation allow nationalist groups to do?

Answer 2

organise, win elections and assert their desire for independence
they gained majorities in several elections

Question 3

what did nationalist majorities in elections lead to?

Answer 3

the first major nationalist challenge to the USSR
1990 - parliament of Lithuania declared independence - Gorbachev called the declaration illegal and imposed economic sanctions

Question 4

Estonian nationalism

Answer 4

did not leave the Union but the government claimed the right to revise the old flag and began education in Estonian language

Question 5

Lithuanian nationalism

Answer 5

Gorbachev refused to accept the declaration
he did not use violence due to the Tbilisi massacre so he used economic sanctions
sanctions failed so he send in troops that occupied the press and tv headquarters and killed 14 people

Question 6

response to the killings - Lithuania

Answer 6

outrage across the USSR
Ukrainian miners organised protests
Yeltsin asked Russian soldiers to refuse to obey orders from the government that would suppress political protest