Native Americans

Question 1

Termination

Answer 1

1943 - 1967
idea to end the special relationship btw the federal gvt and the tribes by putting an end to reservation, tribal links, people were relocated in big cities away from their land LA, St-Paul-Minneapolis, Minnesota etc.

Question 2

Wounded Knee Massacre:

Answer 2

1890
last confrontation between the American Army and the tribe. The Enemy was afraid of the Ghost Dance celebration. the army asked them to give up their weapons ⮕ End of Indian resistance, after this massacre

Question 3

American Citizenship

Answer 3

1924
given without any conditions to everyone: a way of rewarding the many natives who fought during the WW1 on the American side. During the WW2 many of them also fought, talked in code, in Navarro: they had a tradition of fighting, natural warriors. Nowadays many of female and male Natives in the army

Question 4

Dawes Act

Answer 4

1887
: The Dawes Act ( or General Allotment Act) : promised citizenships & a small piece of land if they left their tribes. ⮕ End of collective life & collective lands. BUt often did not work because these people were not made to live independently, they failed as independent farmers.

Question 5

Battle of the Little Bighorn (

Answer 5

1876 : Battle of the Little Bighorn (Native victory, death of General Custer, a proud man. ) But despite of this victory, the beginning of the end for these tribes…

Question 6

The Trail of Tears

Answer 6

1831-1838: The Trail of Tears : people who had resisted removal, where removed by force by the army. Because it was winter, many died on the way from the South east to Oklahoma

Question 7

Indian Removal Act

Answer 7

1830: President Jackson’s Indian Removal Act (Indians had to be removed West of Mississippi, many people were removed, in particular next to Oklhaoma, because it was of no interest for farmers (poor, dusty, dry..).

Question 8

reservations

Answer 8

1800s : Moving West, reservations were organized: places where they would gather, last pieces of Native land they had BUT in a way imprisoned there. Ambiguity of reservations.
BUT sometimes they were sent on lands that did not belong to their ancestors.

Question 9

5 civilized tribes

Answer 9

vs. In the East: Florida, Georgia, the tribes in South East had very good lands and the white farmers were jealous + in the South East they had the 5 Civilized tribes, who adapted well to civilization (ex: Cherokees had African American slaves, an alphabet, newspapers, could write their language..). Those people were removed to places that were not historically theirs, like Okhlaoma.