Native Americans Reading

Question 1

Line of settlements from (N/S)

Answer 1

Central Texas to Canada

Question 2

Locations of white people in West before Civil War

Answer 2

Line from TX to Canada,
Southwest Spanish-Mexicans,
Mormons in Utah,
Occasional trading post/gold camp

Question 3

The Great West

Answer 3

Land between settlement line and Pacific coast

Question 4

Dimensions of the Great West

Answer 4

1,000 x 1,000 miles

Question 5

Native population in 1860

Answer 5

360,000

Question 6

Pre-white conflicts/migrations

Answer 6

Comanches > Apaches from central plains (18th century), went to Rio Grande Valley
Mandans & Chippewas > Cheyenne, became nomadic
Sioux left Great Lakes for plains, fought Crows, Kiowad & Pawnees, became nomadic

Question 7

Cheyenne and Sioux

Answer 7

Nomadic, wide-range traders, hunted buffalo, rode horses

Question 8

What pre-civil war whites brought upon native lands

Answer 8

Disease
-cholera
-typhoid
-smallpox
Less bison
-hunted
-took grazing land for livestock
More unrest
-scarcer hunting grounds, more tribal fights over it

Question 9

Where treaties with Chiefs were attempted

Answer 9

Fort Laramie, 1851

Question 10

When did reservation herding begin

Answer 10

1860s

Question 11

2 reservations

Answer 11

Great Sioux Reservation - Dakotas

Indian Territory - Oklahoma

Question 12

Sand Creek, CO, 1864

Answer 12

Colonel Chivington massacred 400 Indians promised immunity

Question 13

Bighorn Mountains, WY, 1866

Answer 13

Sioux ambushed Captain Fetterman, 81 white soldiers and civilian men dead

Question 14

Trail the federal gov gave up on through Montana

Answer 14

Bozeman Trail

Question 15

What happened in the Black Hills, SD, 1874

Answer 15

Colonel Custer announces gold, prospectors flood there, Sioux get pissed

Question 16

Little Bighorn River, MT, 1876

Answer 16

Custer attacks 2,500 Sioux, all 264 whites killed

Referred to as a massacre

Question 17

Nez Percé of NE Oregon lead by

Answer 17

Chief Joseph (1877)

Question 18

What did Chief Joseph try to do?

Answer 18

Lead band to Canada to meet Sitting Bull

Question 19

Length of trek the Nez Percé warriors traveled

Answer 19

1,700 miles (3 months)

Question 20

What happened to the Nez Percé band

Answer 20

Surrendered in 1877, promised to be taken to Idaho, taken to Kansas, 40% died of disease

Question 21

Who lead Apache of Arizona and New Mexico

Answer 21

Geronimo

Question 22

What happened to the Apache tribe

Answer 22

Persued into Mexico, scattered warriors forced to surrender, women exiled to Florida

Question 23

5 factors of Natives defeat

Answer 23

Railroad
Racism 
White diseases
Alcholism
Buffalo near-extinction

Question 24

Reason for Buffalo extermination

Answer 24

Kansas Pacific locomotive held up 8 hrs for herd to pass by

Question 25

Buffalo Bill Cody killed how many buffalo

Answer 25

4,000 in 18 months

Question 26

Buffalo Bill employed by

Answer 26

Kansas Pacific locomotive

Question 27

Number of Buffalo in 1865

Answer 27

15 million

Question 28

Number of Buffalo in 1885

Answer 28

Less than 1,000

Question 29

When do white people start feeling bad

Answer 29

1880s

Question 30

Writer who gained public support for Indians

Answer 30

Helen Hunt

Question 31

Books that gained Natives support

Answer 31

A Century of Dishonor | Ramona

Question 32

Withheld food in exchange for religious conversion and assimilation

Answer 32

Christian reformers

Question 33

Facilitated education programs on the reservations

Answer 33

Christian reformers

Question 34

Outlawed in 1884

Answer 34

Sun Dance outlawed

Question 35

1890 massacre over Ghost Dance

Answer 35

``` Battle of Wounded Knee 200 NA (all), 29 soldiers died ```

Question 36

Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

Answer 36

Dissolved tribes as legal entities No tribal land ownership Each individual family got 160 acres If acted like “good white settlers”, they were promised title and citizenship in 25 years (later extended)

Question 37

Year all natives got citizenship

Answer 37

1924

Question 38

Carlisle Indian School, PN, 1879

Answer 38

First boarding school for assimilating native children | Took children from tribe/family, taught English, raised white

Question 39

Field Matrons did what

Answer 39

Taught Native women sewing, and preached chastity and hygiene

Question 40

Dawes Act remained in place until

Answer 40

1934

Question 41

What replaced the Dawes Act in 1934

Answer 41

Indian Reorganization Act | “Indian New Deal”

Question 42

Native population in 1887

Answer 42

243,000 natives

Question 43

Native population in 2000

Answer 43

4.7 million native Americans