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GNED 1101 > Natural Disasters and Disease > Flashcards

Natural Disasters and Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 kinds of damage do natural disasters cause?

A
  • Immediate direct damage

- subsequent indirect damage (usually after the initial incident)

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2
Q

Following a natural disaster, what causes the greatest risk of disease?

A

Contamination of water

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3
Q

What diseases are related to water contamination? give examples.

A

Fungal - E.g. Mold

Protozoan - E.g. Malaria,

Bacterial - E.g. Cholera,

Viruses - E.g. Hepatitis A,

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4
Q

What are the two broad categories of disease? give examples of each

A

Autoimmune/mutation- based - eg. arthritis, most cancers

Infectious - eg. flu, cold, strep throat

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5
Q

Define disease.

A

Conditions that impair normal tissue function in response to:

environmental factors (as malnutrition, industrial hazards, or climate)

specific infective agents (as worms, bacteria, or viruses)

inherent defects of the organism (as genetic nomalies), or a combinations of these factors

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6
Q

What is pathogenic?

A

Disease causing

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7
Q

Define Infection.

A

results when a pathogen (causes disease) invades and begins growing within a host. It may or may not cause symptoms.

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8
Q

What is Fungi?

A

Single-celled or multicellular organisms

Absorb nutrients from substratum

Like a moist environment

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9
Q

What are the three main groups of fungi?

A

Yeasts - single-celled

Mushrooms and puffballs - multicellular

Molds – multicellular filaments

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10
Q

Are Fungi pathogenic?

A

The majority are not

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11
Q

Give examples of Fungi that can be pathogenic?

A

Yeast can cause fungal skin infections

Mold can be toxic

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12
Q

Are mushrooms pathogenic?

A

No but some are poisonous

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13
Q

Name a mold that is toxic and grows in homes with moisture issues.

A

black mold (Stachybotrys)

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14
Q

Are all molds bad?

A

no, some are the source of many antibiotics eg. penicillin

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15
Q

What is a Protozoa?

A

Eukaryotic single-celled organisms

Some prey on other single-celled organisms

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16
Q

Can Protozoa be pathogenic?

A

yes, examples include:

Giardia – enteritis (intestinal inflammation)

Cryptosporidium – diarrhea

Plasmodium vivax – malaria
(Requires mosquito as a vector
Mosquitoes breed in standing water)

17
Q

What is Bacteria?

A

Prokaryotic single-celled organisms

cells do not contain a nucleus

18
Q

_________________ are the most varied and most numerous group of organisms on Earth

A

Bacteria

19
Q

What kind of activities are vital for life on Earth?

A

Bacterial activities:

Created O2 in the beginning

Decomposes

Fix atmospheric N2 and CO2 into organic molecules

20
Q

We share our bodies with ______________.

A

Bacteria - their cells outnumber our own tenfold

21
Q

Can bacteria be beneficial to our body?

A

yes, some protect us from pathogens (on skin) and help us extract nutrients (in colon)

22
Q

What are probiotics?

A

live cultures of beneficial bacteria. Often found in yogurt.

23
Q

Can bacteria be pathogenic?

A

yes a few species can

24
Q

What percentage of bacteria is responsible for human diseases?

A

50%

25
Q

What is Pseudomonas?

A

An important soil decomposer.

26
Q

Name a bacterial infection that causes strep throat, childbed fever, rheumatic fever, necrotizing fascitis (flesh eating disease)

A

Streptococcus

27
Q

What is Vibrio cholerae (Cholera)?

A

disease causing excessive watery diarrhea and vomiting which can be fatal.

28
Q

How is Cholera transmitted?

A

fecal -oral route

fecal matter is injested

29
Q

How can pathogenic bacteria be spread?

A 
Direct contact (eg. Gonorrhea)
Touching contaminated objects (eg. Tetanus)

Animals and insects (eg. Bubonic plague)

Water and/or food (eg. Cholera,)

30
Q

Water-borne pathogens multiply within the body of the host, then exit, often by …..

A

inducing vomiting and/or diarrhea

31
Q

How can bacterial infections be treated?

A

Antibiotics

32
Q

What were antibiotics they hailed as?

A

“Miracle Drugs”

33
Q

What is a virus?

A

Consists of:

A genome (DNA or RNA = retro virus)

A protein coat

Sometimes a lipid envelope

34
Q

Do antibiotics work on viruses?

A

no

35
Q

How do viruses replicate?

A

They “hi-jack” a host cell

36
Q

What organisms can host a virus?

A

animals,
plants
fungi
bacteria

GNED 1101 (10 decks)

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