Natural hazards

Question 1

What are some concerns that geographers face with natural hazards

Answer 1

How, where occur plus what causes it. Loss of life. Human geographers study white people live at places with hazards

Question 2

What are not natural hazards unless it affects people

Answer 2

Fire is natural and ecosystems and earthquakes happen

Question 3

What are the different types of natural hazards

Answer 3

Tectonic hazard, gravitational hazard, climatic hazard.

Question 4

What is tectonic hazard

Answer 4

Shifting movement of oceanic and continental plates which makes it into earthquake, volcanos and tsunami’s

Question 5

What is gravitational hazard

Answer 5

Rock, snow, ice, debris flow down a slope, rockslides, landslides, mudslides avalanches, debris slides and debris torrents; tsunami

Question 6

What is climatic hazard

Answer 6

Unusual and extreme weather conditions – droughts, fire, floods, lightning, hail, ice storms, wind (hurricanes, typhoons, tornadoes); storm surge (high winds and tides)

Question 7

Reasons why people stay in places with natural hazards

Answer 7

Flat lands and availability of water, mountain regions help with forestry, mining and fishing & transportation. Sense of place. People know how to control harmful effects of natural hazards. People adapt and have connection to place they live. Government laws that make people feel safe. Earthquake proofing the house or building.

Question 8

Risk= probability of occurrence x magnitude of impact (consequence)

Answer 8

The equation

Question 9

What do human responses to living with natural hazards Include

Answer 9

Institutional – laws and regulations to restrict people from building in certain areas like steep slopes, floodplains etc. they earthquake proof, flood proof, fire proofing houses. Emergency response plans

physical works Dash Dyking, scaling of rock slopes, contaminate barriers etc.

Resettlement Dash if hazardous people have to permanently move

Behavior/psychological – personal decisions. How much hazard can you handle until it affects your mental health

Question 10

What are five ways of measuring extreme Geophysical effects

Answer 10

Magnitude, frequency, speed of onset, duration and spatial pattern

Question 11

What is magnitude

Answer 11

Measures intensity of the event. Measuring intensity or size of an earthquake

Question 12

What is frequency

Answer 12

Measures how often an event occurs in any location. Related to season Dash fires in summer, flooding in spring, flash floods in winter.

Question 13

What is speed of onset

Answer 13

Refers to how rapidly the event occurs and how much warning is likely. Earthquakes and avalanches have until the last warning whereas floods usually have more warning

Question 14

Duration

Answer 14

How long events last

Question 15

What is spatial pattern

Answer 15

Repeated events or patterns over time that can be made and used as a basis for prediction and assessment of risk

Question 16

What are two floods

Answer 16

Snowmelt floods & flash flood

Question 17

How are snowmelt floods caused

Answer 17

Prolong high temperature causing fairly rapid snowmelt

Question 18

How are flash floods caused

Answer 18

High rainfall events over fairly short period of time

Question 19

When did the large flood happen

Answer 19

1894 in Mission

Question 20

What’s the worst natural disaster

Answer 20

Avalanches because they caused greatest loss of life in British Columbia

Question 21

Factors Contributing to avalanches

Answer 21

Type of snow Dash hard pellets do not bind together

Rate of snowfall - accumulates fast can lead to unstable conditions. Snow is loose hasn’t had time to pat down

Terrain slope - danger zone is 30 to 60°. Steeper more snow coming down

Temperature change – of 6°C or greater per hour can create unstable condition

Question 22

When do debris flows and Torrents occur

Answer 22

In coastal locations in steep mountain streams or valleys. They result from intense or prolonged rainfall events.

Question 23

How to wildfires occur

Answer 23

Natural forest and grassland wildfires usually caused by lightning.

Question 24

Are wildfires important for the ecosystem and why

Answer 24

Yes and they put carbon in soil and enable new growth of trees and shrubs. Some trees require heat to release their seeds.

Question 25

When do we call wildfires a hazard

Answer 25

When they affect peoples properties

Question 26

How many percentage of fires are caused by humans

Answer 26

40%

Question 27

Where is an active tectonic zone for earth quakes

Answer 27

The coast of BC