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Natural Hazards Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

What is a natural hazard?

A

Is a natural process which could cause death, injury or disruption to people or damage property

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2
Q

What is a natural disaster?

A

A natural hazard which has already happened

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3
Q

What is a natural event?

A

When people or property are not threatened

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4
Q

What is a tectonic hazard?

A

When the tectonic plates move to cause damage to the land above

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5
Q

What is a atmospheric hazard

A

Hazards that happen in the atmosphere. E.g. tornado

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6
Q

What is a geomorphological hazard?

A

Anything that happens on the earths surface . E.g. landslide

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7
Q

What is a biological hazard?

A

Disease that effect people i many ways. E.g. covid

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8
Q

What is hazard risk?

A

Is the chance or probability of being affected by a natural event

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9
Q

Factors increasing the risk from natural hazards

A

Urbanisation
Poverty
Population increase
Capacity to cope
Climate change
Farming

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10
Q

Why do tectonic plates move?

A

One theory is due to convection currents. Magma in the mantle is heated by the core, it starts to cool and sink back down. This process continues creating a circular motion known a convection currents.

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11
Q

Destructive plate boundary explanation

A

Two plates are moving towards one another. When the two plates meet a deep ocean trench is formed. The oceanic plate is always pulled under the continental plate. Pressure builds up which causes underwater earthquakes which lead to tsunami. When 2 continental plates move together, fold mountains are formed.

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12
Q

Hazards/ landforms from destructive plates

A

Earthquakes
Violent eruptions of volcanoes
Tsunami

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13
Q

Examples from destructive plates

A

Nazca plate(oceanic plate)
American plate( continental plate)

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14
Q

Conservative plate boundary explanation

A

When two plates are moving past each other. Friction between plates cause earthquakes. Earthquakes happen when the two plates slip and shift

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15
Q

Hazards/landforms conservative plate

A

Earthquakes

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16
Q

Example of conservative plate

A

San Andreas Fault

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17
Q

Constructive plate boundary explanation

A

Two plates are moving apart. Magma is forcing its way before its cooled to form new land. Lava will flow a long way before cooling and will cause shield volcanoes

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18
Q

Hazards/landforms constructive plate

A

Earthquakes(weak)
Violent volcanoes

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19
Q

Examples conservative plate

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A

North American plate
Eurasian plate

20
Q

Collision plate boundary explanation

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A

When two plates move together. Made of continental crust because neither plate is denser. No subduction. Land gets crumpled Cushing fold mountains. Pressure builds up and causes earthquakes. Can cause land slides and avalanches due to topography.

21
Q

Hazards/landforms collision plates

Study These Flashcards
A

Fold mountains
Earthquakes

22
Q

Examples collision plates

Study These Flashcards
A

Indian plate
Eurasian plate

23
Q

What is an earthquake?

Study These Flashcards
A

A sudden and violent movement within the earths crust

24
Q

What is the focus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Th point at which the rocks moves
The seismic waves start at the focus

25
Earthquake in collision plate boundaries
Strong magnitude Pressure builds up between the two continental plates as they push against each. Eventually this becomes top much and the rock gives way releasing the energy as a powerful earthquake.
26
Earthquake in destructive plate boundary
Strong magnitude The oceanic plate is pulled under the continental plate. Pressure builds up which causes earthquakes underwater which can lead to a tsunami
27
Earthquakes in constructive plate boundary
Weak magnitude The two plates are moving apart which can cause small earthquakes
28
Earthquakes in conservative plate boundary
Strong magnitude Friction between the plates can cause earthquakes. They can happen when the 2 plates slip and shift.
29
Effects of earthquakes(secondary)
Disease Homeless Lack of food Death Lack of water Tax increase Hospitals overcrowded Looting
30
Effects of earthquakes(primary)
Buildings collapsing Roads destroyed Injuries Water pipes beak Crops destroyed
31
Factors affecting damage cased by earthquakes
Strength of buildings Location = rural vs urban Depth of focus Day. Vs night Preparation Response teams Population density Magnitude
32
Case study: Chile Stage of development
HIC
33
Case study: Chile Date
27th February 2010
34
Case study:Chile Magnitude
8.8
35
Case study:Chile How long did it last for?
3 minutes
36
Case study:Chile Type of plate boundary
Destructive plate boundary
37
Case study:Chile Any preparations?
Chile had the money to support people and rebuild
38
Case study:Chile Effects (primary)
Around 500 people killed and 12000 injured-800000 people affected 220000 homes , 4500 schools, 53 ports, 56 hospitals and other public buildings destroyed Cost of earthquake estimated at US $5 billion
39
Case study: Chile Effects(secondary)
1500 km of roads damaged, mainly by landslides, remote communities cut of for many days Several octal towns devastated by tsunami waves
40
Case study:Chile Response(immediate)
Emergency services acted swiftly. International help needed to supply field hospitals, satellites phones and floating bridges Power and water restored to 90% of hoes within 10 days
41
Case study:Chile Response(long term)
A month after the earthquake, the government launched a housing reconstruction plan to help nearly 200000 households affected by the earthquake
42
Case study:Nepal Stage of development
LIC
43
Case study:Nepal Date
25th April 2015
44
Case study:Nepal Magnitude
7.9
45
Case study:Nepal How long did it last for?
50 seconds
46
Case study: Nepal Depth of focus
15km

Geography Natural Hazards (2 decks)

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