Natural Hazards Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is a natural hazard?
A natural event or process which cause damage to people or property
What is your case study for a tectonic hazard in an LIC?
Nepal Earthquake, 2015
What is the primary and secondary effects of the Nepal Earthquake 2015? (At least 1 effect)
Primary Effects:
- 8,841 deaths
-16,800 injured
- 1 million homeless
- Historical buildings destroyed, e.g. Dharahara Tower
Secondary Effects:
-Avalanche on Mt Everest killed 19 people
-Tourism decreased
- Food shortages
What were the immediate and long term responses of the Nepal Earthquake, 2015?
Immediate Response:
- 225,000 tents given out by Red Cross
- India sent search & rescue teams
- UNICEF distributed medical supplies
Long term Responses:
-$274M donated in aid
- UNESCO rebuilt cultural buildings
- Mt Everest re opened in August for tourists
Facts about Nepal Earthquake?
- 28th April 2015
- 7.8 Magnitude
- Epicentre 80 km away from Kathmandu
What is your case study for a tectonic hazard in an LIC?
L’Aquilla Earthquake, 2009
What are the primary and secondary effects of the L’Aquilla Earthquake?
Primary effects:
- 308 deaths
- 1500 injured
- 67,500 homeless
Secondary Effects:
- Aftershock triggered landslides
- Uni students decreased
- House prices and rent increased
What were the immediate and long term responses of the L’Aquilla Earthquake?
Immediate:
- Italian Red Cross sent out 7 dog units and search & rescue teams
- Hotels provided shelter for 10,000 people
Long term responses:
- Residents didn’t have to pay taxes in 2010
- 6 scientists found guilty of manslaughter
Facts about the L’Aquilla Earthquake?
- 6th April 2009
- 6.3 magnitude
- struck at 3am
What’s your case study for a Tropical Storm?
Typhoon Haiyan, 2013
Facts about Typoon Haiyan?
- 8th November 2013
- category 5 typhoon
- wind speeds up to 314 kmph
What are the primary and secondary effects of typoon haiyan?
Primary effects:
- 6,190 deaths
- 4.1 million homeless
- 1.1 million tonnes of crops destroyed
Secondary effects:
- 800,000L oil leak
- looting
- contaminated ground water
What are the immediate and long term responses of Typhoon Haiyan?
Immediate Responses:
- 800,000 evacuated - president televised a warning
- 250,000l of water with food packs distributed
Long term responses:
- Mangroves replanted
- Build back better scheme set up
What is your case study for extreme weather in the UK?
Cumbria Floods, 2015
What were the causes of the Cumbria floods?
- Steep gradient - England highest peak
- Extreme precipitation - 341mm in 24 hrs
- Confluence of River Derwent and Cocker
- Floodplain development
Impacts of Cumbria flood (social, economical and environmental)
Social:
- 43,000 homes suffered power cuts
- 40 schools closed
Economical:
- Insurance companies had to pay £325M to residents
- £500M in damages
Environmental:
- loss of habitats
Management strategies of Cumbria floods
- Government pledged £2.3B to improve flood defences by 2022
- increase river dredging
What is your case study of a small ecosystem?
Epping Forest, East London and Essex
Name the producers, consumers and decomposers of Epping Forest
Producer: Oak trees, grass, moss
Consumers: fox, rabbits, mice
Decomposers: 700 species of fungi
Why is biodiversity high in Epping Forest and how is Epping Forest interdependent?
- there is a complex food web composed of thousands of species
- Nutrient recycling a represents balance
What’s your case study for a Tropical Forest?
Amazon Rainforest, Brazil
What are the cause of deforestation?
- Commercial Farming (large scale)
Accounts for 80% of deforestation in Brazil - Logging
- Urbanisation + Road building
- Mineral Extraction
Carajas is the largest iron ore mine - Energy ( HEP- dam flooded 45k hectares of the rainforest)
What are the impacts of deforestation?
- Removal of carbon sink
- loss of indigenous tribes
- soil becomes vulnerable to erosion
- loss of biodiversity
What is your case study of a hot desert?
Western Desert, USA
