Natural hazards

Question 1

What is a constructive plate boundary?

Answer 1

Where two plates move apart/ away from each other.

Question 2

What is a distructive subduction plate boundary?

Answer 2

Where two plates of different density move towards each other.

Question 3

What happens at a conservative plate boundary?

Answer 3

Where two plates slide past each other.

Question 4

What is destructive collision plate boundary?

Answer 4

Where two plates of the same density move towards each other.

Question 5

What is subduction?

Answer 5

One plate going under another plate.

Question 6

What is density?

Answer 6

How compact/ heavy something is.

Question 7

What are seismic waves?

Answer 7

Waves of energy that travel through the earth

Question 8

What is focus?

Answer 8

The point inside the earths crust where the earthquake originates.

Question 9

What is the epicentre?

Answer 9

The point on the Earths surface direct above the focus of an earthquake.

Question 9

What is the Richter Scale?

Answer 9

A logarithmic scale that measures an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves.

Question 10

What is the moment magnitude scale?

Answer 10

A logarithmic scale that measures earthquakes by estimating the total energy released.

Question 11

What is an effect?

Answer 11

An impact that is caused because of the natural disaster and hazard.

Question 12

What is a response?

Answer 12

What people and organisations do in the short- and long-term after a disaster.

Question 13

What are primary effect?

Answer 13

The immediate impact caused directly by a hazards.

Question 14

What are secondary effect?

Answer 14

Occur indirectly from the hazard, often as a result of primary effects.

Question 15

What are immediate response?

Answer 15

Happen just before, during or right after hazards.

Question 16

What are long term response?

Answer 16

Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months and years after the event.

Question 17

What is monitoring?

Answer 17

Using scientific equipment to detect warning signs.

Question 18

What is prediction?

Answer 18

Using historical historical evidence and monitoring, scientists can make predictions about when and where a tectonic hazard may happen.

Question 19

What is protection?

Answer 19

Designing buildings that will withstand tectonic hazards.

Question 20

What is Planning?

Answer 20

Actions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters.

Question 21

What is global atmospheric circulation?

Answer 21

A worldwide system of winds, which transport heat from tropical to polar latitudes.

Question 22

Where is low pressure?

Answer 22

0 and 60 degrees

Question 23

Where is high pressure?

Answer 23

30 and 90 degrees

Question 24

What weather is found at low pressure?

Answer 24

Cloudy conditions

Question 25

What weather is found at high pressure?

Answer 25

Clear skies

Question 26

What are trade winds?

Answer 26

Winds that blow from the tropics towards the equator from the east to the west

Question 27

What is a weather system is a tropical storm?

Answer 27

Low pressure

Question 28

How do tropical storms form?

Answer 28

.solar radiation from the earth heats the ocean to 27 degrees .low pressure occurs as air rises .air cools as it rises and it condenses. .this causes huge amount of energy to be released which makes thunderstorms develop .air rushes from high pressure to low pressure creating winds .the storm begins to rotate due to the Coriolis effect .some cool air sinks back down, making the eye

Question 29

What are rain bands?

Answer 29

A band of dense clouds that swirls around the eye wall of a hurricane

Question 30

Where are cyclones?

Answer 30

The Indian Ocean

Question 31

Where are hurricanes?

Answer 31

The Atlantic Ocean

Question 32

Where are Typhoons?

Answer 32

The Pacific Ocean

Question 33

What is the Saffir-Simpson scale?

Answer 33

Hurricane intensity scale that measures hurricane wind speeds. Measures strength from category 1-5

Question 34

Definition of natural hazard?

Answer 34

A natural event that has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death.

Question 35

What are the hazard risks?

Answer 35

.Magnitude .Location .Time .Wealth .Education .frequency .Natural factors .population density

Question 36

Key facts about Oceanic crust

Answer 36

.Younger .thinner .denser .can sink .can be renewed or destroyed

Question 37

Key facts about continental crusts?

Answer 37

.Older .Thicker .Less dense .cannot sink Can’t be renewed or destroyed

Question 38

What is oceanic crust made from?

Answer 38

Mainly basalt

Question 39

What is continental crust made from?

Answer 39

Mainly made from granite

Question 40

Where do the majority of earthquakes form?

Answer 40

Destructive subduction plate boundary

Question 41

What forms at a destructive collision plate boundary.

Answer 41

Fold mountains, earthquakes

Question 42

What forms at destructive subduction?

Answer 42

Violent volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, composite volcanoes

Question 43

What forms at constructive plate boundaries?

Answer 43

Gentle volcanic and earthquake activity

Question 44

What occurs at conservative plate boundary?

Answer 44

Violent earthquakes

Question 44

What direction do tropical storms travel?

Answer 44

West

Question 45

How meany people died and were injured in Christchurch?

Answer 45

181 died and 2000 injured

Question 46

How meany buildings were destroyed in Christchurch?

Answer 46

Half

Question 47

What was the cost of recovery in Christchurch?

Answer 47

$11 billion

Question 48

Secondary effects of Christchurch?

Answer 48

.Couldn’t hold 5 World Cup matches .10000 people migrated

Question 49

When was Christchurch hit with an earthquake?

Answer 49

22nd feb 2011

Question 50

Where was the location of the epicentre in Christchurch?

Answer 50

10km south east of Christchurch

Question 51

Immediate responses from Christchurch?

Answer 51

.Aid workers came to help (e.g Red Cross) .300 Australian police officers were flown in .military was mobilised to help rescue effort

Question 52

What type of plate boundary was the christchurch earthquake?

Answer 52

Conservative and 5km deep

Question 53

Long term responses from Christchurch?

Answer 53

.Water and sewerage were restored by August 2011 .Goverment set up the “Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authorities” cost 13 billion .city was spit into 4 zones to see which they needed to rebuild first

Question 54

How meany were injured and killed in Nepal?

Answer 54

9000 died and 20000 injured

Question 55

Primary effects of Nepal

Answer 55

.7000 schools destroyed .widespread destruction to power, water, communications

Question 56

Secondary effects of Nepal?

Answer 56

.Averlanch on mt Everest killed 19 people .land triggered landslides and avalanches .avalanche in the Lang-tan region left 250 people missing

Question 57

Where was the epicentre of Nepal earthquake?

Answer 57

80km South West of Kathmandu

Question 57

What type of plate boundary was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 57

Distructive

Question 57

Immediate response of Nepal earthquake?

Answer 57

.300,000 people migrated away from Kathmandu .overseas aid including NGOs, Oxfam Aid form the Uk, India, China.

Question 58

When was the Nepal earthquake?

Answer 58

25th April 2015

Question 59

Long term responses to Nepal?

Answer 59

.Repairs to Everest base camp by August 2015 .7000 schools rebuilt or repaired .Roads repaired and landslides cleared