natural hazards

Question 1

Where do tropical storms typically occur?

Answer 1

Between 5° and 30° north and south of the equator

Question 2

What ocean temperature is necessary for tropical storms to form?

Answer 2

Above 27° C

Question 3

During which seasons do tropical storms generally occur?

Answer 3

Between summer and autumn

Question 4

What is the first step in the sequence of a tropical storm?

Answer 4

Air is heated above warm tropical oceans

Question 5

What phenomenon causes air to spin around the calm eye of a tropical storm?

Answer 5

Coriolis effect

Question 6

What happens to a tropical storm when it meets land?

Answer 6

It loses its source of heat and moisture, thus losing power

Question 7

True or False: Climate change is expected to lead to more frequent tropical storms.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What extreme weather events can cause flooding in the UK?

Answer 8

Rain, snow, ice, hail, drought, wind, thunderstorms, heat waves

Question 9

What has been the average temperature increase in the UK since 1980?

Answer 9

1 degree

Question 10

What were the primary effects of Typhoon Halyan in the Philippines?

Answer 10

• At least 6340 killed
• 314 km/hr wind speeds
• 5m Storm Surge
• 90% buildings in Tacloban destroyed

Question 11

How many emergency shelters were set up immediately after Typhoon Halyan?

Answer 11

1,069 emergency shelters

Question 12

What was the total estimated damage cost from Typhoon Halyan?

Answer 12

$14 Billion

Question 13

What are two long-term responses to Typhoon Halyan?

Answer 13

• UN appeal raised $300 million
• Typhoon warning systems improved

Question 14

What caused the flooding in Somerset Levels in 2014?

Answer 14

Wettest January on record, high tides, and storm surge
River tome and parrot weren’t dredges

Question 15

How many houses were flooded during the Somerset Levels flooding?

Answer 15

Over 600 houses

Question 16

What are two natural causes of climate change?

Answer 16

• Orbital changes
• Volcanic activity

Question 17

What human activities contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?

Answer 17

• Fossil fuels
• Agriculture
• Deforestation

Question 18

What is one environmental effect of climate change?

Answer 18

Less ice in Arctic Ocean

Question 19

What method uses ice cores to study climate change?

Answer 19

Ice and sediment cores analysis

Question 20

What is one social effect of climate change?

Answer 20

Increased disease such as skin cancer and heat stroke

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The Met Office has reliable climate evidence since _______.

Answer 21

1914

Question 22

What is one management strategy for climate change?

Answer 22

Alternative energy production to reduce CO2 production

Question 23

What is the purpose of the Thames Flood Barrier?

Answer 23

To reduce risk from rising sea levels

Question 24

What does carbon capture do?

Answer 24

Takes carbon dioxide from emission sources and stores it underground

Question 25

What are Natural Hazards?

Answer 25

Physical events such as earthquakes and volcanoes that can damage humans and property. ## Footnote Includes tectonic hazards, tropical storms, and forest fires.

Question 26

What factors affect hazard risk?

Answer 26

* Population growth * Global climate change * Deforestation * Wealth - particularly in LICs due to lack of resources

Question 27

What are the four layers of the Earth?

Answer 27

* Core (inner and outer) * Mantle * Crust ## Footnote The crust is divided into tectonic plates.

Question 28

What are the types of tectonic plate movements?

Answer 28

* Destructive margin * Constructive margin * Conservative margin ## Footnote Each type of margin has different geological activities associated with it.

Question 29

What are the two types of crust?

Answer 29

* Oceanic (thin, young, dense) * Continental (old, thick, less dense) ## Footnote The differences in crust types affect tectonic activities.

Question 30

What causes tectonic plates to move?

Answer 30

Convection currents in the mantle. ## Footnote These movements can lead to tectonic activity like earthquakes and volcanoes.

Question 31

What are the primary effects of earthquakes?

Answer 31

* Property and buildings destroyed * People injured or killed * Ports, roads, railways damaged * Broken pipes and cables ## Footnote These effects occur immediately after an earthquake.

Question 32

What are the secondary effects of earthquakes?

Answer 32

* Reduced business activity * Blocked transport hindering emergency services * Fires from broken gas pipes * Lack of fresh water from broken water pipes ## Footnote Secondary effects occur as a result of the primary effects.

Question 33

What are the primary effects of volcanoes?

Answer 33

* Property and farmland destroyed * People and animals killed or injured * Air travel halted due to ash * Contaminated water supplies ## Footnote These effects happen immediately when a volcano erupts.

Question 34

What are the secondary effects of volcanoes?

Answer 34

* Economy slows down * Emergency services struggle to arrive * Possible flooding from melting ice * Increased tourism due to volcanic activity ## Footnote Secondary effects often occur after the initial eruption.

Question 35

What was the magnitude and impact of the Nepal earthquake in April 2015?

Answer 35

Magnitude 7.8 * 9000 deaths * 23000 injured * Over 500,000 homes destroyed

Question 36

What were the immediate responses to tectonic hazards?

Answer 36

* Issue warnings * Search for survivors * Provide food and shelter * Recover bodies * Extinguish fires ## Footnote Immediate responses focus on saving lives and providing basic needs.

Question 37

What were the long-term responses to tectonic hazards?

Answer 37

* Repair and rebuild properties * Improve building regulations * Restore utilities * Resettle locals * Develop economic recovery opportunities ## Footnote Long-term responses aim to rebuild and enhance resilience for future events.

Question 38

What were the primary effects of the Chile earthquake in February 2010?

Answer 38

* 500 deaths * 12000 injured * 220,000 homes destroyed * Damage to ports and airports ## Footnote The earthquake significantly impacted infrastructure and human life.

Question 39

What is the 'Ring of Fire'?

Answer 39

A zone of high tectonic activity around the Pacific Ocean. ## Footnote It is characterized by frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Question 40

What is the Coriolis effect?

Answer 40

The turning of the Earth that causes winds to curve from high pressure to low pressure. ## Footnote This effect influences global weather patterns.

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The Earth has _____ layers.

Answer 41

four layers ## Footnote The layers are core, mantle, and crust.

Question 42

True or False: LICs are more prepared for natural disasters than HICs.

Answer 42

False ## Footnote LICs typically suffer more because they lack resources for effective disaster response.

Question 43

What is a destructive margin?

Answer 43

Where an oceanic plate subducts under a continental plate, causing friction and volcanic activity. ## Footnote This type of margin can lead to violent earthquakes and composite volcanoes.

Question 44

What is the role of monitoring in reducing the impact of tectonic hazards?

Answer 44

Seismometers measure earth movement and gases from volcanoes help in evacuation predictions. ## Footnote Monitoring technology is crucial for early warning systems.