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Natural Hazards Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Socio-Economic Disruption

A

Disruption to social or economic aspects of society

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2
Q

Environmental Degradation

A

The deterioration of the natural environment

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3
Q

Effusive Eruption

A

An eruption where lava flows on the ground rather than being expelled in an explosive manner

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4
Q

Basaltic Eruption

A

A gentle eruption which is characterised by fluid lava and is relatively predictable

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5
Q

Stratovolcano

A

A steep sided volcano made up of alternate layers of lava and ash

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6
Q

Hazard Perception

A

The way in which someone understands or interprets a hazard

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7
Q

Prevention

A

The action of stopping something from happening

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8
Q

Prediction

A

Suggesting what might happen in the future

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9
Q

Park Response Model

A

A model to show the changing quality of life through different phases of a disaster

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10
Q

Hazard Management Cycle

A

A cycle showing phases of response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness in the management of a hazard

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11
Q

Primary Hazard

A

Hazards that are directly related to the volcano and its eruption

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12
Q

Pyroclastic Flow

A

A mixture of hot rock, lava, ash and gases arising from a volcanic eruption that moves at a rapid speed along the ground

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13
Q

Tephra

A

Rock fragments ejected during volcanic eruptions

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14
Q

Nuee Ardente

A

A dense, rapidly moving cloud of hot gases, ash and lava fragments from a volcanic eruption; a type of pyroclastic flow

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15
Q

Secondary Hazard

A

Hazards that occur due a primary hazard

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16
Q

Lahar

A

A destructive mudflow which occurs as a result of a volcanic eruption

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17
Q

Tsunami

A

A large wave triggered by seismic activity

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18
Q

Acid Rain

A

Volcanoes erupt sulphurus gases which can result in acidic rainwater

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19
Q

Intraplate

A

In the middle of a plate, away from the plate margins

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20
Q

Subduction Zone

A

Zones where thin, dense oceanic crust is formed beneath thicker, less dense continental crust at a destructive plate boundary

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21
Q

Shield Volcanoes

A

A volcano with gently sloping sides

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22
Q

Caldera

A

A large volcanic crater, often formed following a highly explosive eruption where the summit of the volcano is removed

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23
Q

Hotspots

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A

Sites where mantle plumes rise up through areas of thin crust, causing volcanic activity in areas away from plate boundaries

24
Q

Ground Deformation

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A

The change in shape of the ground before or after a volcanic eruption

25
Perparedness
The state of readiness for a volcanic eruption
26
Mitigation
The action of reducing the severity or seriousness of an eruption
27
Adaption
The action of changing or adapting behaviour in order to reduce the severity of a volcanic eruption
28
Volcanic Explosivity Index
A index that measures the explosivity of volcanics
29
Continental Crust
The earth’s crust which is found under the continents; it is relatively thick and not as dense as oceanic crust
30
Benioff Zone
The zone where earthquakes tend to occur as the oceanic crust is being subducted underneath the continental crust at a destructive plate boundary
31
Oceanic Crust
The crust which is found under the oceans; it is relatively thin and more dense than continental crust
32
Seismometer
An instrument that measures the seismic waves of an earthquake
33
Non-Governmental Organisations
An organisation that is not part of a government or for-profit businesses
34
Coriolis Effect
The rotation of the Earth which deflects objects and air moving along the earth's surface
35
Latent Heat
The heat required to turn a solid into a liquid or a liquid into gas without change in temperature
36
Convection Column
vertical ring of column smoke, ashes and particulates caused by a fire
37
Disaster Hotspot
A location which is at risk of experiencing two or more hazards
38
Acid Rain
Acidic precipitation that has negative impacts on natural ecosystems and is associated with air pollution.
39
Convection Currents
The circular motions of upper mantle layers responsible for sea floor spreading and driven by upwelling mantle material.
40
Gravitational Sliding
The movement of tectonic plates as a result of gravity
41
Island Arc
A linear chain of volcanic island associated with an ocean trench where subduction is taking place.
42
Lava Flow
Molten rock flowing on the surface. Acidic lava tends to be more viscous and solidifies nearer
43
Liquefaction
Loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose cohesion and behave as a liquid rather than a solid because of shaking during an earthquake.
44
Lithosphere
The crust and upper mantle that form the outermost solid layers of the Earth.
45
Magma Plume
A rising column of hot rock in the mantle.
46
Magnitude
The overall strength or ‘size’ of a hazard.
47
Multi-hazardous Environment
An environment prone to experiencing combinations of seismic, volcanic, atmospheric or wildfire hazard.
48
Ridge Push
A driving force for the movement of tectonic plates that occurs at mid-ocean ridges as a result of gravitational forces causing downward movement away from the ridge.
49
Rift Valley
A steep sided valley formed by the downward displacement of crust due to separation of tectonic plates.
50
Sea-Floor Spreading
The formation of a new oceanic crust which occurs through the upwelling of magma at midocean ridges and its outward movement from such ridges.
51
Seismicity
The processes associated with earthquakes in a given area. The frequency and intensity of such processes.
52
Shockwave
A wave of energy spreading outward from the focus of an earthquake.
53
Slab Pull
A driving force for the movement of tectonic plates occurring at subduction zones as a result of sinking of the crust there.
54
Storm Surge
A temporary, localised rise in sea level as a result of atmospheric pressure changes and storm wind direction.
55
Wildfire
An uncontrolled fire occurring in open country or wilderness regions.

Geography (6 decks)

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