Natural Hazards Flashcards
(29 cards)
Where are volcanoes located? (3)
At destructive plate margins.
At constructive plate margins.
Over hotspots.
Where are earthquakes located? (3)
At constructive plate margins.
At destructive plate margins.
At conservative plate margins.
Cause of the Christchurch earthquake
New Zealand is located on the plate margin between the Australian and pacific plates. The plate is both destructive and conservative.
Effects of the Christchurch earthquake (4)
181 people died.
200 injuries.
50% of the central city’s buildings were damaged.
Businesses were put out of action causing losses of income and jobs.
Management of the Christchurch earthquake (3)
An emergency response plan was put into place 2 hours after the earthquake.
Satellite imagery was used to coordinate the recovery of New Zealand.
Aid was provided for 2000 homeless people.
Cause of Haiti earthquake
Haiti is on a conservative plate margin between the Caribbean and North American plates.
Effects of Haiti earthquake (6)
230,000 people died.
3 million affected.
250,000 homes collapsed or damaged.
Millions homeless.
Blocked roads.
Ports shut down.
Management of Haiti earthquake (4)
Individuals tried to recover people.
Many countries responded with rescue teams.
Relied heavily on international aid.
98% of rubble remained after 6 months.
4 ways of managing tectonic hazards
Monitoring - detecting upcoming events.
Prediction - historical evidence and monitoring leads to prediction.
Protection - designing buildings to withstand hazards.
Planning - identifying and avoiding at risk places.
Reasons why people live near tectonic hazards (5)
Tourism.
Better monitoring.
Unaware people.
Benefits like fertile soil.
Cannot afford to move.
Global distribution of tropical storms
They are know as hurricanes near North America, cyclones near India and typhoons in east Asia.
They all occur in a band that lies roughly 5-15 degrees either side of the equator.
How are typhoons formed?
Tropical storms develop 5-30 degrees north and south of the equator when the sea temp is 27 degrees or higher and when the wind shear is low.
This causes clouds to form releasing huge amounts of energy and producing powerful storms. The Coriolis effect causes the storm to spin.
How does climate change affect the intensity of tropical storms ?
Frequency - oceans will stay at 27 degrees or higher for longer each year.
Distribution - as average sea temp increases more of the oceans rise above 27 degrees.
Intensity - increased cloud formation means more energy is released. This means that they would be more powerful.
Details of typhoon Haiyan (3)
Wind speeds of 195 mph.
400mm of rainfall.
7m high waves.
Effects of typhoon Haiyan (6)
14.1 million affected.
6190 deaths.
1.9 million homeless.
600k displaced people.
$5.8 billion damage.
90% of tacloban destroyed.
Responses to typhoon Haiyan (4)
800,000 evacuated.
1 million food packs distributed.
250k litres of water distributed.
$1.5 billion aid pledged.
Prediction and monitoring of tropical storms (3)
Storms can be monitored using radar, satellites and aircraft.
Computer models can be used to calculate a storms predicted path.
Predicting where and when a tropical storm is going to happen gives people time to prepare.
Planning for tropical storms (3)
Future developments.
Governments can plan evacuation routes.
Emergency services can prepare for disasters.
Protection for tropical storms (2)
Buildings can be designed to withstand tropical storms.
Flood defences can be built.
Conservative plate boundary
They move past each other
Constructive plate boundary
They move away from each other
Destructive plate boundary
They move towards each other and there are two types (oceanic and continental and 2 continental)
Oceanic and continental destructive plate boundary
The oceanic plate is denser and gets sub ducted and destroyed.
2 continental destructive plate boundary
They meet and the ground is folded upwards, creating fold mountains.
