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natural law Flashcards

1
Q

cicero natural law quote

A

“true law is right with reason in agreement with nature”

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2
Q

what does telos mean

A

end goal/purpose

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3
Q

who established natural moral law

A

thomas aquinas

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4
Q

is natural law deontological or teleological

A

deontological

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5
Q

deontological meaning

A

actions are intrinsically right/wrong
“deon” = duty in greek
focuses on the actions we should be performing

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6
Q

aristotles view of telos

A

everything in the natural world has a purpose
human telos is to reach eudaimonia

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7
Q

aquinas inspired by

A

aristotles ideas of purpose

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8
Q

aquinas believes telos is

A

to become god like
this is done by using reason - ‘gift from god’

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9
Q

the main ethical principle around aquinas’ time promoted

A

divine command theory

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10
Q

what was divine command theory

A

divine - god
command - law/rule
essentially God commands what is right and wrong

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11
Q

what was the problem with divine command theory

A

god could have said anything
doesn’t account for new developments eg IVF

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12
Q

aquinas established another way of ethical thinking and produced

A

natural law theory

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13
Q

natural law theory proposed (3 things)

A
  1. nature decides what is right and wrong
  2. god made nature but it works on its own, towards its own telos
  3. ethics come not from God but from nature
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14
Q

Aquinas combines

A

the science (nature) of Aristotle with God

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15
Q

thomas aquinas believed we use what to make moral decisions

A

god-given reason

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16
Q

what is god given reason

A

the belief that god has given humans the ability to cognitively process the difference between right and wrong

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17
Q

four tiers of law (heirarchy)

A
  1. eternal law
  2. divine law
  3. natural law
  4. human law
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18
Q

eternal law

A

laws that exist within nature because god put them there

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19
Q

divine law

A

law of god revealed to people through Bible - ‘word of god’
(church transmits divine law to people
Particularly the sermon on the mount)

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20
Q

natural law

A

moral law of god within human nature
everyone has a natural sense ‘that good is to be done and evil avoided’
it directs our conscience and if applied with reason to a situation will lead to the right action

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21
Q

human law

A

the law of nations eg. our everyday rules

22
Q

aquinas on atheists

A

aquinas believed that god made it possible for all human beings to achieve their ultimate purpose in life by power of reason alone - no religious faith needed
but using reason and the word (combining natural law with divine law) makes it easier to reach god

23
Q

people who do not believe will find it

A

more difficult to achieve their telos but not impossible

24
Q

synderisis rule

A

“good is to be done and evil avoided”
we know this through right reason of basic moral principles
the thought process behind making moral decisions is known as synderisis

25
Q

casuistry

A

the technique used to work our the telos of an action to see if ethically good

26
Q

conscientia

A

when applying reason to particular situations of right and wrong (In Action)

27
Q

thomas aquinas uses the term ‘eudaimonia’ to mean

A

“ultimate happiness through union with God”

28
Q

aquinas argued that eudaimonia is achieved by

A

following the most basic precepts of natural moral law - doing good and avoiding evil

29
Q

aquinas believes that you never purposefully pursue evil, however sometimes evil happens because of

A

‘apparent’ and not ‘real’ goods

30
Q

apparent goods

A

appear good but in reality do not fit with the perfect human ideal (telos)
this is the reason why humans do things wrong and cause evil
when you think you are doing the right thing but arent

31
Q

real goods

A

reason used correctly
(supreme goodness)
fits with final telos being achieved

32
Q

is this ethical framework deontological or teleological

A

deontological

33
Q

deontological meaning

A

it focuses on actions and intentions rather than outcomes
‘deon’ means duty

34
Q

why is it deontological

A

if the actions (conscientia) and intentions (synderesis) are good = real good is met
so it is focused on the intention not the outcome

35
Q

laws built into nature are called

A

primary precepts

36
Q

how are primary precepts understood

A

using reason

37
Q

in order for people to be able to concentrate on natural law…

A

you need to live in a civilised society where you are free to survive and flourish. this leads to five primary precepts

38
Q

are primary precepts always true

A

yes

39
Q

who do primary precepts apply to and why

A

everyone without exception because they are a direct reflection of Gods Eternal Law

40
Q

first primary precept

A

preservation of life

41
Q

second primary precept

A

reproduction

42
Q

third primary precept

A

education of young

43
Q

fourth primary precept

A

living peacefully in society

44
Q

fifth primary precept

A

worship god

45
Q

which primary precept makes the others easier to do

A

worship god

46
Q

why is each primary precept important

A
  1. if we dont preserve life, life wont continue
  2. if we dont reproduce, the human race will die out
47
Q

natural law heavily influences what

A

the doctrines of catholic church

48
Q

who specifically mentions the teachings of natural law in the church

A

Pope Paul VI

49
Q

Pope Paul VI says

A

“the precepts of the natural law… teaches as absolutely required that any use whatsoever of marriage must retain its natural potential to procreate human life”

50
Q

why is it important Pope Paul VI says this

A

the specific mention shows that natural law is therefore not outdated, as it is used today in Catholic Church

ethics (8 decks)

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