Natural Methods Of Conception

Question 1

What is the time required to reach the site of fertilisation for an ejaculated sperm

Answer 1

30 min

Question 2

Capacitation starts where
Where does major part of capacitance takes place
Duration
What does a sperm achieve after capacitance

Answer 2

Cervix
Fallopian tube
7 hrs
Hypermotility (full maturity)

Question 3

Main enzyme in acrosomal reaction

Answer 3

Hyaluronidase

Question 4

Name the receptor of sperm on zona pellucida

Answer 4

ZPGP-3 (ZP Glycoprotein)

Question 5

Zona pellucida breaks down due to which action of sperm

Answer 5

Hypermotility

Question 6

Zygote is formed by fusion of what

Answer 6

Female pronucleus + male pronucleus = conceptus /zygote

Question 7

Gene responsible for fusion of male and female pronucleus

Answer 7

FERTILIN (new discovery)

Question 8

Conceptus stays in Fallopian tube for how much time

Answer 8

3 days after fertilisation

Question 9

Conceptus enters the uterine cavity at what time

Answer 9

On 4th day after fertilisation

Question 10

Conceptus enters uterine cavity in which form
In what cell stage it enters the uterine cavity
Morula is which cell stage
1. 8
2. 10
3. 14
4. 16

Answer 10

MORULA (8-16 cell stage)
8 cell
4. 16 Cell stage

Question 11

Implantation begins on which Day and is completed by which day

Answer 11

Begins on 6th day and completed by 10th day

Question 12

Phases of implantation and transmitter required in that stage

Answer 12

3 phases : transmitters required
Apposition:SELECTIN
Adhesion:INTEGRIN
Invasion:MATRIX METALLOPROTENASES

Question 13

Implantation happens which stage

And on what day

Answer 13

Blastocyst stage

Day 5

Question 14

Function of zona pellucida

When is zona pellucida lost

Answer 14

Prevention of polyspermy
*Ca ion responsible
Just before implanatation or day 5

Question 15

Terms for the following

1. Endometrium of pregnant female
2. Decidua below conceptus
3. Decidua above conceptus
4. The remaining rest of the decidua

Answer 15

1. Endometrium of pregnant female : decidua
2. Decidua below conceptus : basalis
3. Decidua above conceptus : capsularis
4. The remaining : peritalis

Question 16

At what weeks the capsularis and peritalis fuse and what is it known after fusion

Answer 16

Fusion happens at 14-16 weeks

After fusion it is called as decidua Vera

Question 17

Superfetation

Answer 17

If before fusion of capsularis and peritalis another conceptus attaches it is known as superfetation
Theoretically twinning can happen up to 16 weeks (since capsularis and peritalis fuses at 14-16 weeks) but it is not documented in humans

Question 18

Embryonic phase last up to how many days post fertilisation and from L.M.P

Answer 18

8 weeks post fertilisation
10 weeks from L.M.P
After that it is called as foetus

Question 19

Invasion of trophoblast is absent in which condition

Answer 19

Pre-eclampsia

Question 20

Fetal membrane is derived from
Name them
New concept related to aminon

Answer 20

Trophoblast 
1. amnion
2. Chorion 
3. yolk sac 
4. allantois
Amnion developed from FETAL ECTODERM 
It is inner most fetal membrane 
Entire tensile strength of fetal membrane 
It is avascular

Question 21

What are the types of chorion

Answer 21

Chorion laeve - it fuses with amnion

Chorion fundosum - give rise to placenta

Question 22

What is allantois

Answer 22

It is a diverticulum from the hind gut that grows into connecting stalk
It gives rise to umbilical vessels

Question 23

The 1st area where fetal hematopoiesis begins is

Answer 23

Yolk sac

Question 24

Primitive haemoglobions are formed where

Answer 24

Yolk sac

1. Gover 1
2. Gover 2
3. Portland
   - not HbF

Question 25

Extramedullary site for Hb production

Answer 25

Liver after > 6 weeks

Question 26

Which of the following is true 1. HbF are bigger in size 2. HbF are shorter in lifespan 3. HbF Made up of : alpha 2 gamma 2 4. HbF Has lesser affinity for O2 5. It is resistant to both acid and alkaline denaturation

Answer 26

1,2,3,5 are true HbF has higher affinity for O2 as compared to other Hb therefore fetal Hb dissociation lies left to maternal dissociation curve b/c of less 2,3-DPG and carbonic anhydrase

Question 27

How does one calculate the dose of anti-D to be given in Rh -ive pregnanat female

Answer 27

By acid denaturation KB Test (Kleihauer betke test)- citric and PO4 buffer quantitative test

Question 28

Test to differentiate fetal blood cell from mother’s blood

Answer 28

K B Test (Kleihauer betke test) | Quantitative test

Question 29

What is the test used by pediatrician’s to find out mom’s /baby’s blood Other test used

Answer 29

``` Alkaline denaturation test - APT test Qualitative test It is a bed side test Mom’s blood - change colour (-ive) Baby’s blood - colour resistant (+ive) Other test - singer’s alkali denaturation test ```

Question 30

switch over to adult Hb begins at | And completes at

Answer 30

Begins at 36 weeks | Complete at birth

Question 31

Hb of baby at birth At birth : At 6 months :

Answer 31

18g% At birth :75-80% of total Hb is HbF At 6 months : HbF <1%