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Natural Science study Flashcards

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1
Q

Microscopy

The coarse adjustment knob on a microscope …

A

focuses the image by moving the distance between the lens and specimen.

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2
Q

Cell membrane

what does it do?

A

The Cell membrane creates the boundary of the cell which also provides shape and support. It determines what substances are able to enter and exit the cell. we call this ‘selectively permeable’.

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3
Q

mitocondria

what does it do?

A

The mitocondria is the** powerhouse of the cell**. It is responsible for celluar respiration which provides energy for the cell to live.

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4
Q

Vacuoles

what does it do?

A

The cell’s vacuoles ensures that the internal pressures of the cell is maintained, which keeps the cell firm and rigid.

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5
Q

Chloroplast

what does it do?

A

The chloroplast contains a green pigmant called** chlorophyll **which is needed for photosynthesis

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6
Q

DNA

what is it ?

A

DNA, carries the genetic code for the cell which is* instructions for the functioning of the cell.*

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7
Q

Nucleus

what is it ?

A

The nucleus is the control centre of the cell that holds the cell’s DNA

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8
Q

Celluose

what is it ?

A

rigid subtance used to form the plant cell’s cell wall

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8
Q

Cell

what is it ?

A

Basic unit of life

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9
Q

Cell wall

what is it ?

A

the cell wall is the outer non-living boundary around plant cells

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10
Q

microscopy

what is a micrograph?

A

A micrograph is a photo taken using a microscope

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11
Q

microscopy

what is a common ancestor?

A

an ancestor that 2 or more species have in common

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12
Q

microscopy

what is a optical microscope?

A

devices that use lenses, mirrors and light to magnify specimen

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13
Q

microscopy

what is the rotating nosepiece?

A

The rotating nosepiece rotates to allow different power objective lenses to be used

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13
Q

microscopy

what is the eyepiece lens?

A

the eyepiece lens is the lens closest to the eye when someone looks through a compound microscope

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14
Q

microscopy

what is the objective lens?

A

the objective lens is the lens closest to the specimenthat gethers light rom the object being observed

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15
Q

microscopy

what is the fine focus knob?

A

the fine focus knob moves the stage up and down to bring the specimen into focus with small movements

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16
Q

cell organisation to human systems

what is a stem cell?

A

A stem cell is an **undiffrentiated cell **that hasn’t yet become specialised. Stem cells can turn into various different cell types.

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17
Q

cell organisation to human systems

true or false: an embryonic stem cell can develpe into almost every cell tye?

A

true

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18
Q

cell organisation to human systems

what type of stem cells are found in bone marrow?

A

adult stem cells

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19
Q

cell organisation to human systems

A
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20
Q

cell organisation to human systems

define differentation

A

;ifferentation is the process of genes being switched on/off meaning: different protiens can be made to specialise the cell

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21
Q

cell organisation to human systems

what are muscle cells desgined for?

A

muscle cells are designed for contraction and movement

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22
Q

Body systems

name the function of the skeleton

the muscoskeletal system

A

the skeleton provides a framework for holding the shape of our body.

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23
# **Body systems** what are the two systems that make up the muscoskeletal system? | the muscoskeletal system
the **muscular system** and the **skeletal system**
24
# **Body systems** what does the skeleton and muscles do together?
the **skeleton and muscles** work hand in hand to **bring about movement**
25
# **Body systems** why do we have bone marrow? | the muscoskeletal system
the bone marrow in our bones **provides us with red and white blood cells** which are **important for our immune system.**
26
# **Body systems** what is the function of **muscle cells**? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote parts of the musculoskeletal system
muscle cells are **able to contract and relax**
26
# **Body systems** what are **bones** made from? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote parts of the musculoskeletal system
bones are **structures made from bone tissue** which is a solid tissue
27
# **Body systems** what is **ligament tissue**? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote parts of the musculoskeletal system
Ligament tissue is an *elastic structure* **joining bone to bone**
27
# **Body systems** what are skeletal **joints**? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote parts of the musculoskeletal system
A skeletal joint is **a place where two or more bones meet**
27
# **Body systems** where do you find **cartilage tissue**? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote parts of the musculoskeletal system
cartilige tissue is **found at ends of bones** to **prevent friction**
28
# **Body systems** what is **tendon tissue**? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote parts of the musculoskeletal system
Tendon tissue is *tough* tissue **joining muscle to bone**
29
# **Body systems** what is **Rickets**? | musculoskeletal system ## Footnote health issues
Rickets is a **difficiency of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus**
30
# **Body systems** what is **Arthritis**? | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote health issues
Arthritis is **infammation of the joints in the body**
31
# **Body systems** what causes **ostoperosis** | the muscoskeletal system ## Footnote health issues
Ostoperosis is **caused by a decrease in bone density, making bones brittle**
32
# **Body systems** what is the circulatory system? | Human circulatory system
the circulatory system **delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues**
33
# **Body systems** what is a closed blood system? | Human circulatory system
Humans have a closed blood system. A closed blood system means that **the blood flows around the body contained in blood vessels**
34
# **Body systems** what are veins? | Human circulatory system
veins are the **blood vessels** which **transport blood *towards* the heart** | *note that **Veins are a type of blood vessel***
34
# **Body systems** what are ateries? | Human circulatory system
Arteries are the **blood vessels** which **transport blood *away* from the heart** | *note that **Ateries are a type of blood vessel***
35
# **Body systems** **true or false:** The vas deference carries urine from the bladder to the penis | reproductive system ## Footnote male
**false**
36
# **Body systems** which gland helps to form semen | reproductive system ## Footnote male
**seminal vesicle**
37
# **Body systems** **true or false:** The optimal temperature for sperm production is **warmer than core body temperature.*** | reproductive system ## Footnote male
**False**
38
# **Body systems** what is **the most fertile period of the menstrual cycle**? | reproductive system ## Footnote female
**Ovulation**
39
# **Body systems** The sperm and egg fuse their nuclei forming… | reproductive system
**a zygote**
39
# **body systems** The microbe that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? | reproductive system
**A virus - HIV**
39
# **The Periodic Table** what are **groups**?
**groups** are the **vertical columns**. they are **numbered 1-18** in the periodic table
40
# **The Periodic Table** what are **periods**?
**periods are **rows which go horizontally**. there are 7 periods in the periodic table.
41
# **Compounds** what is **monoxide?**
**1 oxygen atom** has combined with **1 carbon atom** | **mono**- maeaning **1**
42
# **Compounds** What is **trioxide**?
**3 oxygen atoms** has been combined with **1 sulfur atom** | **tri**- meaning **3**
43
# **Compounds** what is **dioxide**?
**2 oxygen atoms** has combined with **1 carbon atom** | **di**- meaning **2**
44
# **Compounds** what is an **element**?
an element is **a substance which cannot be broken down into any other substance**
44
# **Compounds** what is **carbon tetrachloride**?
**1 carbon atom** has been combined with **4 chorine atoms** | **tetra**- meaning **4**
45
# **Compounds** what is a **compound**
a compound is a **material formed by chemically bonding two or more chemical elemets**
46
# **Compounds** what is the **mass number**?
the mass number is the **total number of protons and neutrons in an atom**
46
# **Compounds** what is **atom**?
an atom is **the smallest part of a substance** which **cannot be broken down chemically**
47
# **chemical reactions** define **chemical reactions**
the **making and breaking of chemical bonds**, leading to **changes in the composition of matter**
48
# **chemical reactions** define **chemical word equation**
a **chemical equation that uses the names of the reactants and products** instead of symbols to represent the chemical reaction | no symbols :)
49
# **chemical reactions** define **energy transfer**
the **movement of energy from one place to another**
49
# **chemical reactions** define **exothermic** chemical reaction
a **chemical reaction** in which **energy is given off in the form of heat**
50
# **chemical reactions** define **activation energy**
**energy that is needed to get a chemical reaction started**
51
# **chemical reactions** define **diatomic**
**a molecule consisting of two atoms**
52
# **chemical reactions** define **energy**
energy is **the ability to do work or cause change**
53
# **chemical reactions** **true false:** Atoms may be gained or lost when they get rearanged in a chemical reaction.
**False**
54
The name of the reaction when a strong acid reacts with a strong base.
**neutralization reaction**
55
Name the **chemical used to stain plant cells.**
**methylene blue**
56
# **Body systems** what is the **digestive sytem**? | Digestive system
The digestive system is the system that **breaks down food**, which **is then dissolved into nutrients**
57
# **Body systems** what is the **purpose of nutrients**? | Digestive system
nutrients **can be absorbed into the blood stream**, and **can be transported to cells throughout the body.** | **Nutrients, in food also essential to nourish the body :)**
58
# **Body systems** what is **another name for the Digestive system**? | Digestive system
the **Gastrointestenal tract**
59
# **Body systems** what **type of cell is found in the intestine**? | Digestive system
**Endocrytes**
60
# **Human Nutrition** what is **Mechanical digestion**?
Mechanical digestion is mechanical, meaning **that the body and muscles will contrabute with digestion**
61
# **Human Nutrition** what is **Chemical digestion**?
Chemical digestion uses** chemicals to digest and break down the ingested food**, meaning that s**aliva and stomach acid contains chemicals in the body to break down food.**
62
# **Human Nutrition** define **absorbtion**
absorbtion is t**he process in which nutrients are taken into the bloodstream**
63
# **Human Nutrition** define **starches**
starches **contain complex carbohydrates which provide energy for the body.**
64
# **Human Nutrition** define **protiens**
provides lots of protien for **growth and repairation of cells**
65
# **Body systems** give the function of the **pharynx** | the breathing system
acts as a **passageway for air to enter the larynx and lungs**
66
# **Body systems** give the function of the **trachea/windpipe** | the breathing system
the trachea's main function is to **carry air in and out of your lungs.**
67
# **Body systems** give the function of the **bronchi** | the breathing system
the bronchi **moisturises the air you breathe** and **screen out any foreign particles**
68
# **Body systems** give the function of the **right lung** | the breathing system
the right lung **brings oxygen into the bloodstream and removes carbon dioxide**
69
# **Body systems** give the function of the **nasal conchae** | the breathing system
an **outflow from the *nasopharynx* into the mouth and throat**
70
# **Body systems** give the function of the **epiglottis** | the breathing system
**prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea and potentially reaching the lungs**
71
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** **inhalation** | **diaphram**
the diaphram ***contracts* to lower floor chest cavity**
72
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** **exhalation** | **diaphram**
diaphram ***relaxes* to raise floor of chest cavity**
73
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** inhalation | **intercostal muscles**
intercostal muscles contract, **lifting the ribcage upward and outwards**
74
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** exhalation | **intercostal muscles**
*external* intercostal muscles **relax , dropping the ribcage down and inward**
75
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** inhalation | **chest cavity**
**pressure** in the chest cavity **decreases**
76
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** exhalation | **chest cavity**
**pressure** in the chest cavity **increases**
77
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** inhalation | **air movement**
air from the atmosphere is** drawn into the lungs** to **equalize pressure**
78
# **the breathing changes occuring for inhalation and exhalation** exhalation | **air movement**
air in the lungs is **forced out** **due to the high pressure**

term 2 exams (2 decks)

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