Natural Selection (Bio)

Question 1

Evolution can occur on a small scale affecting a single population

Answer 1

Microevoultion

Question 2

Evolution on a large scale affecting changes in species across populations

Answer 2

Macroevolution

Question 3

The process of biological change in population over time that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors.

Answer 3

Evolution

Question 4

English Naturalist
Saw that different species of finches/tortoises/etc. lived on different islands and had specific characteristics for that island.
Developed his theory of natural selection to serve as the mechanism for how evolution occurs.

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

organisms with the “better” traits (adaptations) will live and reproduce more than others, causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heartable.

Answer 5

Natural Selection

Question 6

a measure of how well you can survive in your environment

Answer 6

Fittest

Question 7

What is Fittest based on

Answer 7

Overproduction of offspring
Variations
Adaptations
Descent with motivations

Question 8

any change in a DNA sequence

Answer 8

Mutation

Question 9

What is a driving force of evolution.

Answer 9

Independent Variation

Question 10

Organisms more fit for their environments will survive and reproduce more offspring.

Answer 10

Natural selection

Question 11

Random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.

Answer 11

Genetic Drift

Question 12

Movement of genes into/out of a population.

Answer 12

Gene Flow

Question 13

Sexual selection is also known as

Answer 13

non-random mating

Question 14

(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) = when there are NO changes in the allele frequencies in a population over time.

Answer 14

Genetic equilibrium

Question 15

Speciation
Extinction
Gradualism
Punctuated equilibrium
Divergent evolution
Convergent evolution
Co-evolution

Answer 15

broad patterns of evolution observable in nature

Question 16

forming of a new species by evolution from a pre-existing species

Answer 16

Speciation

Question 17

elimination of a species.

Answer 17

Extinction

Question 18

occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly.

Answer 18

Mass extinction

Question 19

Slow, constant changes over a long period of time

Answer 19

Gradualism

Question 20

Bursts of change followed by periods of stability.

Answer 20

Punctuated Equilibrium

Question 21

A number of different species arise from one common ancestor.

Answer 21

Divergent Evolution

Question 22

a type of divergent evolution occurring on a small scale over a small period of time

Answer 22

Adaptive radiation

Question 23

Takes 2 organisms to make offspring

Answer 23

Sexual Reprodution

Question 24

Process of binary fission or mitosis where only one parent produces genetically identical off spring

Answer 24

Asexual Reproduction

Question 25

When unrelated species evolve similar characteristics because they live in similar environments.

Answer 25

Convergent Evolution

Question 26

Occurs when two populations of organisms form a specialized relationship and thus change in response to each other.

Answer 26

Coevolution

Question 27

“unifying theme of biology” because it ties together evidence and research from many branches

Answer 27

Evolution

Question 28

study of prehistoric life through the fossil record.

Answer 28

Paleontology

Question 29

study of the form of living things.

Answer 29

Morphology/Anatomy

Question 30

study of the georographical distribution of plants and animals

Answer 30

Biogeography

Question 31

study of embryo development.

Answer 31

Embrology

Question 32

study of chemical processes in living things.

Answer 32

Biochemistry

Question 33

preserved remains of organisms (bones, footprints, feces, etc.)

Answer 33

Fossil

Question 34

link ancestral species to their descendants.

Answer 34

Transitional fossils

Question 35

similar structures that suggest evidence of common ancestors

Answer 35

Homologous structures

Question 36

structures with little or no function to an organism.

Answer 36

Vestigual structures

Question 37

similar structures that evolved independently in different organisms due to serving similar purposes.

Answer 37

Analogous structures

Question 38

field of biology that classifies organisms.

Answer 38

Taxonomy

Question 39

prokaryotes; “true” bacteria, like pathogens

Answer 39

Eubacteria

Question 40

2-name naming system, Genus species

Answer 40

Binomial nomenclature

Question 41

prokaryotes in extreme environments

Answer 41

Archaebacteria

Question 42

eukaryotes

Answer 42

Eukarya

Question 43

branching of a family tree

Answer 43

Speciation

Question 44

Two bodily structures, found in different species, have different internal bone structures but serve a similar purpose in each organism, This is the best discretion of

Answer 44

Analogous Structures