Nature and Variety of Life

Question 1

What are the life processes all living things carry out?

Answer 1

Movement

Reproduction

Sensitivity

Homeostasis

Growth

Respiration

Excretion

Nutrition

Question 2

What does MR H SNERG stand for?

Answer 2

Movement

Reproduction

Homeostasis

Sensitivity

Nutrition

Excretion

Reproduction

Growth

Question 3

Define ‘Movement’

Answer 3

The ability to change location or positon

Question 4

Define ‘Reproduction’

Answer 4

When a new organism is produced from ‘parents’ through sexual or asexual means

Question 5

Define ‘Sensitivity’

Answer 5

The ability to detect and respond to changes in he environment (stimuli)

Question 6

Define ‘Homeostasis’

Answer 6

The ability to control internal conditions

Question 7

Define ‘Growth’

Answer 7

The increase in mass or volume of an organism

Question 8

Define ‘Respiration’

Answer 8

How organisms release energy from their food

Question 9

Define ‘Excretion’

Answer 9

How organisms get rid of waste produced by chemical reactions in cells

Question 10

Define ‘Nutrition’

Answer 10

When organisms aquire the materials they need to carry out all of the other living processes

Question 11

What are the two types of cell compositions organisms can be made up of?

Answer 11

Unicellular and multicellular

Question 12

What are organ systems made up of?

Answer 12

Several different organs working together to carry out a function

Question 13

What are organs made up of?

Answer 13

Several different tissues working together to carry out a function

Question 14

What are tissues made up of?

Answer 14

A group of similar cells with the same function

Question 15

What organs does the digestive system compose of?

Answer 15

Glands

Stomach

Small intestine

Liver

Large intestine

Question 16

Define ‘Nucleus’

Answer 16

Contains chromosomes which carry the genetic material

Controls the activity of the cell (which proteins are made)

Question 17

Define ‘Cytoplasm’

Answer 17

Where the chemical reactions take place

Question 18

Define ‘Cell (surface) membrane’

Answer 18

Controls what enters and leaves the cell - permeable

Question 19

Define ‘Chloroplast’

Answer 19

Absorbs light energy which is used to make glucose in the process of photosynthesis

Question 20

Define ‘(large, permanent) Valcuole’

Answer 20

A membrane filled with cell sap, which stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions and other solutes

Question 21

Define ‘Cell wall’

Answer 21

Gives structure and rigidity to the plant cell, helping it to keep its shape

Made of celluose

Question 22

Label this diagram

Answer 22

Question 23

Label this diagram

Answer 23

Question 24

What is the difference between specialised cells and stem cells?

Answer 24

Stem cells are identical and have no specific task, whereas specialised cells develop from stem cells for a specialised task. There are many different types of specialised cells

Question 25

What is the function/adaptation of a ciliated epithelium cell?

Answer 25

Moves mucus along surfaces, using long extensions (cilia) coming from the cell membrane

Question 26

What is the function/adaptation of a sperm cell?

Answer 26

Contains half the normal number of chromosomes in the nucleus. Long tail for swimming (flagella). Lots of mitochondria to provide energy for swimming are found between the head and the tail.

Question 27

What is the function/adaptation of a red blood cell?

Answer 27

Does not contain a nucleus to provide more room for haemoglobin to carry oxygen. Biconcave disc shape allows flexibility for moving through narrow blood vessels, and increased surface area for gas exchange.

Question 28

What is the function/adaptation of a white blood cell?

Answer 28

Has a nucleus. Some can change shape to move between other cells or engulf foreign objects to digest them, defending against disease.

Question 29

What is the function/adaptation of a nerve cell?

Answer 29

They are very long so that they can carry electrical impulses long distances throughout the body. Branched ends (dendrites) allow many connections to other cells.

Question 30

What is the function/adaptation of a muscle cell?

Answer 30

Thet are long so that they can contract further. Many mitochondria help to release energy needed for contraction.

Question 31

What is the function/adaptation of a palisade cell?

Answer 31

They have many chloroplasts to trap light energy. The cell wall and cytoplasm are transparant to transmit light. The oblong shape allows many cells to be packed closely together.

Question 32

What is the function/adaptation of a root hair cell?

Answer 32

The shape increases surface area for absorbtion of water and minerals. No chloroplasts or storage structure. Mitochondria are present for active transport of minerals.

Question 33

What are the kingdoms of life?

Answer 33

Plants Animals Fungi Protoctista/Protoctists Bacteria (Viruses)

Question 34

Define 'Pathogen'

Answer 34

An organism that causes harm or disease.

Question 35

Give three examples of a plant

Answer 35

Cereals Legumes Beans Maize Peas Trees Herbs Moss

Question 36

Give three examples of an animal

Answer 36

Human Insect Reptile

Question 37

Give three examples of a fungi

Answer 37

Mucor Yeast Trichophyton Mildew Mold Mushrooms

Question 38

Give two examples of a protoctista

Answer 38

Plasmodium Chlorella

Question 39

Give two examples of a bacteria

Answer 39

Lactobacillus bulgaricus Pneumococcus E. coli Streptococcus Staphylococcus

Question 40

Give two examples of a virus

Answer 40

Tobacco mosaic virus Influenza virus HIV

Question 41

Are plants multicellular or unicellular organisms?

Answer 41

Muticellular

Question 42

Do plants contain chloroplasts?

Answer 42

Yes

Question 43

Are plants autotrophic or heterotrophic?

Answer 43

Autotrophic - carry out photosynthesis to make their own nutrients

Question 44

Do plants have cell walls, and if so, what are they made of?

Answer 44

Yes plants have a cell wall made of **cellulose**

Question 45

How do plants store carbohydrates?

Answer 45

As starch or sucrose

Question 46

Are animals multicellular or unicellular organisms?

Answer 46

Multicellular

Question 47

Do animals contain chloroplasts?

Answer 47

No, so they don't photosynthesise

Question 48

Are animals autotrophic or heterotrophic?

Answer 48

Heterotrophic - consume other organisms to obtain nutrients

Question 49

Do animals have cell walls, and if so, what are they made of?

Answer 49

No

Question 50

How do animals store carbohydrates?

Answer 50

Often as glycogen

Question 51

State two other factors of animals

Answer 51

Are able to move from one place to another Usually have nervous coordination

Question 52

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular organisms?

Answer 52

Multi or unicellular

Question 53

Do fungi contain chloroplasts?

Answer 53

No, so they don't photosynthesise

Question 54

Are fungi autotrophic or heterotrophic?

Answer 54

Heterotrophic - feed by extracellular secretion of digestive enzymes onto food material, and the absorption of the organic products

Question 55

Do fungi have cell walls, and if so, what are they made of?

Answer 55

Yes, made of chitin

Question 56

How do fungi store carbohydrates?

Answer 56

Sometimes as glycogen

Question 57

Are protoctista multicellular or unicellular organisms?

Answer 57

Unicellular

Question 58

Are protoctista autotrophic or heterotrophic?

Answer 58

Some are heterotrophic - these have features resembling animal cells Some are autotrophic - these have features resembling plant cells, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls

Question 59

Do protoctista have cell walls, and if so, what are they made of?

Answer 59

Only the autotrophic ones, made of cellulose

Question 60

Are bacteria multicellular or unicellular organisms?

Answer 60

Unicellular

Question 61

Do bacteria have cell walls, and if so, what are they made of?

Answer 61

Yes, made of polysaccharides and proteins

Question 62

Are bacteria autotrophic or heterotrophic?

Answer 62

Some are autotrophic - carry out photosynthesis Some are heterotrophic - feed off other living and dead organisms

Question 63

State three other features of bacteria

Answer 63

The cells are much smaller than in other kingdoms Some have another layor outside the cell wall, called the capsule/sime layer Some can move using flagella

Question 64

State what a bacteria cell composes off

Answer 64

Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Large circular chromosome of DNA instead of a nucleus Many circular loops of DNA called plasmids

Question 65

What does a virus compose of, and how big is one?

Answer 65

Genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, which is smaller than the cells of other kingdoms, and is not a cell. Some viruses are surrounded by a membrane called an envelope

Question 66

State three other features of a virus

Answer 66

They are parasetic and can only reproduce inside living cells Different types infect organisms from all the other kingdoms Wide variety of shape and sizes

Question 67

Are plants pathogenic?

Answer 67

No

Question 68

Are animals pathogenic?

Answer 68

No

Question 69

Are fungi pathogenic?

Answer 69

Some are

Question 70

Are protoctista pathogenic?

Answer 70

Some are

Question 71

Are bacteria pathogenic?

Answer 71

Few are

Question 72

Are viruses pathogenic?

Answer 72

Yes