Nature and variety of life

Question 1

Characteristics of living organism?

Answer 1

MRSHGREN
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 2

Levels of organisation

Answer 2

Dans rap
atom 
molecule 
micro molecule 
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organ system

Question 3

Organelles in an animal cell?

Answer 3

Nucleus
Mitochodria
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

Question 4

Organelles in a plant cell?

Answer 4

Nucleus
Mitochodria
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell wall

Question 5

Function of nucleus?

Answer 5

Contains chromosomes that carry the genetic material.

Controls the activity of the cell

Question 6

Function of chloroplasts?

Answer 6

Absorbs light energy which is used to make glucose in photosynthesis. Glucose is food for the plant

Question 7

Function of the vacuole?

Answer 7

Membrane filled with cell sap. Which stores dissolved sugars, mineral ions and other solutes

Question 8

Function of ribosomes?

Answer 8

Carry out protein synthesis. Using instructions from nucleus RNA

Question 9

Function of Mitochondria?

Answer 9

Carry out reactions of resipration, releasing energy from glucose in a from the cell can use

Question 10

Function of cell wall?

Answer 10

Gives shape and rigidity to the plant cell. Helping it to keep its shape. Made of cellulose

Question 11

Functions of cell membrane?

Answer 11

Controls what enters the cell and what leaves the cell. It is selectively permeable

Question 12

Name some cells

Answer 12

Red blood cells
Sperm cells
Cilliated cell
Palisade cell
Nerve cell 
Root hair cell

Question 13

Kingdoms?

Answer 13

Plant 
Animal
Bacteria
Virus
Protoctista
Fungi

Question 14

Facts about plant?

Answer 14

Multicellular
Contain chloroplasts
Make there own food (photosynthesis)
Have cellulose walls
Store carbohhydrates as starch (or sucrose)

Question 15

Facts about animals?

Answer 15

Multicellular
Dont have chloroplasts
Dont make there own food
No cell wall
Often store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 16

Facts about fungi?

Answer 16

Multicellular or unicellular
Dont contain chloroplasts
Dont make there own food
Cell walls made of chitin
May store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 17

Facts about protoctista

Answer 17

Unicellular
Some have features like animal cells, some are like plants
Dont make there own food only if animals
Animal cells do not have cell walls.
Plants do. 
Animals store carbs as glycogen
Plants store as Starch (or sucrose)

Question 18

Facts about bacteria?

Answer 18

Unicellular
Dont contain chloroplasts
Some make there own food some dont
Lack a nucleus
Cell wall made of polysacharides and proteins
Store carbohydrate as glycogen

Question 19

Facts about viruses?

Answer 19

Not cells
DNA surrounded by protein coat
Parasitic: live inside our living cells

Question 20

Heterotrophic

Answer 20

Consumes other organisms to obtain nutrients

Question 21

Autotrophic

Answer 21

Carries out photosynthesis to make own food

Question 22

What are specialised cells?

Answer 22

Stem cells that have developed new features. They have the structures and proteins to carry out there specific job.
e.g. red blood cell or sperm cell.

Question 23

What is a stem cell?

Answer 23

These are not specialised to a particular job , but are able to divide over to make new cells.
All cells begin as a stem cell.

Question 24

Carbohydrates made of?

Answer 24

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
CHO
Simple sugars (fructose and glucose)

Question 25

Fats made of?

Answer 25

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen CHO 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 26

Proteins made of?

Answer 26

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen CHON Many amino acids joined together

Question 27

Test for Glucose?

Answer 27

Benedicts Solution

Question 28

Test for Starch?

Answer 28

Iodine

Question 29

Test for Protein?

Answer 29

Biuret

Question 30

Test for Fats?

Answer 30

Emulsion

Question 31

Catalyst

Answer 31

A chemical which increases the rate of reaction without being used up itself in the reaction. E.g. Enzymes

Question 32

How do enzymes work?

Answer 32

Lock and key theory Substrate collides with enzyme Substrate binds to active site Reaction is speeded up because of strain in the chemical bonds. Products don't fit as well as the substrate did so they are released. Enzyme free to catalyse more substrates.

Question 33

What affects the rate of Catalysing

Answer 33

As temperature increases there is more kinetic energy in the enzyme and substrate so they move faster. More successful collisions.

Question 34

If temperature is too high in Catalysing?

Answer 34

pH rises so enzymes denature. | Substrates cannot Catalyse.

Question 35

Genome

Answer 35

The total DNA of an organism. Coding for all its characteristics.

Question 36

Gene

Answer 36

Short section of DNA within chromosome. It codes for specific protein.

Question 37

Chromosome

Answer 37

Straight strand of DNA. | Most cells contain pairs of chromosomes 2 strands with the same genes.

Question 38

DNA

Answer 38

The chemical which contains the information for making proteins Contains instructions for the structures and reactions needed in all the cells of an organism Double helix

Question 39

Pathogen

Answer 39

A microorganism which causes infectious diseases They harm the host by releasing toxins and damaging the cells All viruses are pathogens, some bacteria, fungi and protocsista can also be pathogens

Question 40

Decomposers

Answer 40

Feed by sacrotrophic nutrition Secrete enzymes outside of their cells onto dead organism Dead organism broken down into small, soluble molecules which are then absorbed by decomposer

Question 41

4 bases

Answer 41

Adenine Thymine Cytisine Guanine

Question 42

Cell

Answer 42

Smallest functional unit of life and contain a number of organelles, structures that carry out specific processes the cell needs to survive.

Question 43

Tissues

Answer 43

Groups of similar cells, which work together to carry out the same function e.g. Muscle tissue

Question 44

Organs

Answer 44

Made up of several different tissue working together to carry out a more complex function e.g. Human Heart make out of muscle

Question 45

Organ system

Answer 45

Made up of several different organs working together to carry out a complex function essential to life e.g. circulating blood around body