nature/nurture tB

Question 1

Define nurture

Answer 1

Human behaviour is caused by environmental factors

Question 2

Define nature

Answer 2

Human behaviour is caused by genetic or biological factors

Question 3

Who came up with the maturation theory ?

Answer 3

Gessel

Question 4

What is Gessels maturation theory

Answer 4

He believes that a child’s development milestones are biologically predetermined and environmental factors have little influence.

Question 5

What is biological maturation ?

Answer 5

A genetically preprogrammed sequence of change

Question 6

Who came up with the social learning theory ?

Answer 6

Bandura

Question 7

What is the social learning theory about ?

Answer 7

Learning occurs by observing other people’s behaviour

Question 8

What are the 4 stages of social learning theory

Answer 8

1- the child observes behaviour from a role model, eg parent or sibling
2- they internalise (remember) the behaviour
3- when given the opportunity, the child will repeat the same behaviour
4- the child decides whether to repeat this behaviour again
- positive reinforcement- the child repeats the behaviour because they are being praised or rewarded
- negative reinforcement- the child repeats behaviour to rid of stress

Question 9

What is the stress diathesis model about

Answer 9

An individual may be born with a genetic predisposition (diathesis) - a vulnerability to a certain condition. However, the individual may not develop this condition until they experience a stress in life.

Question 10

What are 2 criticisms of the stress diathesis model?

Answer 10

• too simplistic as it doesn’t explain why some people develop ill health and others don’t ; eg identical twins, one may have an illness and the other doesn’t which suggests they don’t have a genetic predisposition as they live in same environment
• doesn’t explain how pple develop ill health without a stressor