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ENVIRO > Nature of Environmental Science > Flashcards

Nature of Environmental Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is Nitrification?

A

Ammonia is converted to nitrate ions (NO3-)

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2
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Evaporation is when water is heated and turns into water vapour

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3
Q

What is condensation?

A

Condensation happens when water vapour is cooled and forms water droplets

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4
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Precipitation is when water droplets fall to earth

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5
Q

What gas is the carbon cycle based on?

A

The carbon cycle is based off of Carbon Dioxide

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6
Q

What type of organisms remove CO2 from the atmosphere?

A

Terrestrial producers remove CO2 from the atmosphere

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7
Q

Why do living things need Carbon?

A

Living things need Carbon to make, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

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8
Q

What is nitrogen fixation?

A

Nitrogen fixation is when bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia

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9
Q

What is denitrification?

A

Denitrification converts nitrogen ions back into nitrogen gas

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10
Q

What is NOT a nitrogen reservoir?

A

Mountain sides

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11
Q

What is the difference between the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle?

A

The difference between the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle is that the phosphorus cycle does not enter the atmosphere

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12
Q

What are plate tectonics?

A

Plate tectonics are several plates that earths outer shell is divided into that glide over the mantle

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13
Q

What is the driving force behind plate tectonics?

A

Convection in the mantle

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14
Q

What are the subduction zones?

A

The subduction zones are places where earths plate tectonics dive back into the mantle

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15
Q

What are mid ocean ridges?

A

Mid ocean ridges are gaps between the tectonic plates

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16
Q

How do mid ocean ridges form?

A

Mid ocean ridges form when magma wells up at the ridges, forming new ocean crust and shoving the plates apart

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17
Q

What do LAND to LAND convergent boundaries form?

A

LAND to LAND - Folded mountains

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18
Q

What do LAND to OCEAN convergent boundaries form?

A

LAND to OCEAN - Mountains/volcanoes

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19
Q

What do OCEAN to OCEAN convergences form?

A

OCEAN to OCEAN - Deep underwater trenches, underwater volcanoes that form islands

20
Q

What do ocean divergences form?

A

Ocean divergences form mountains and volcanoes which renew the ocean floor

21
Q

What do land divergences form?

A

Land divergences form giant troughs

22
Q

What do transform boundaries create?

A

Transform boundaries create earthquakes

23
Q

What are two main aspects of global carbon cycle?

A
  • Distribution of the element among reservoirs
  • Transfer of the element between reservoirs
24
Q

What are some major carbon sinks?

A
  • Organic molecules
  • CO2
  • Organic matter in the soil
  • Fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks in the ocean
25
Q

What are 4 steps of the carbon cycle?

A
  • Weathering
  • Absorption
  • Decomposition
  • Sediments
26
Q

What is involved in the process of mineralization?

A

Im mineralization, bacteria convert organic phosphorus into inorganic phosphorus

27
Q

What do plants use nitrate for?

A

Plants use nitrate to make protiens

28
Q

What is released when organic waste starts to decay?

A

Ammonia is released when organic waste starts to decay

29
Q

Where does the ammonia go to after decaying?

A

After decaying ammonia goes to nitrifying bacteria and gets converted back into nitrates

30
Q

What happens to nitrates formed from ammonia?

A

Some of the nitrates get used up by plants and others go to denitrifying bacteria

31
Q

What happened in the Agricultural Revolution?

A
  • Humans grew crops and domesticated animals
  • More food allowed for a larger population
  • Specialization in jobs
32
Q

What happened in the Industrial Revolution?

A
  • Non-Renewable energy sources were starting to be used
  • Advancements in sanitation, ag production and medical supplies
33
Q

What happened in the Medical Revolution?

A
  • Mass production of medical instruments, antibiotics and vaccines
  • Production of vaccines and antibiotics to kill viral and bacterial infections
  • Scientists began determining the root causes to myltiple diseases
  • Waste management/personal hygiene
34
Q

What happened in the Green Revolution?

A
  • Vehicles increased food production
  • Fertilizers increased crop yeilds
  • Population growth due to an increase in food production and healthier lifestyles
  • HIGHER NATALITY rates and LOWER MORTALITY rates
35
Q

What happened in the Environmental Revolution?

A
  • Realization of human impact on the environment
  • Many solutions with the mention of sustainability
  • Ecological footprint
36
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Sustainability is fulfilling the current generations needs without compromising the future generations needs

37
Q

What is environmental science?

A

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science that studies how the natural world works, how the environment affects us and how we affect our environment

38
Q

What is the HYDROsphere?

A

Water

39
Q

What is the BIOsphere?

A

All living things

40
Q

What is the LITHOsphere?

A

All land

41
Q

What is the ATMOsphere

A

All air

42
Q

What is the atmosphere made up of?

A

The atmosphere is made up of Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), other gasses such as Carbon dioxide etc. (1%)

43
Q

What is divergent?

A

Two plates are spreading APART

44
Q

What is convergent?

A

Two plates meet and slides beneath the other

45
Q

What is transform?

A

Two plates move sideways/past each other

ENVIRO (3 decks)

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