Nature of Gov- Communists Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

what is marxism?

A

-written by karl marx
-society should have no social classes
-means of production should be owned
-everyone works as much as they can and recieves what they want

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lenins ideology

A

Dictatorship
-marxism leninism
-adopted communism in april theses
-dictatorship of proletariat
-policies like grain requisitioning under war communism
-like N2, willing to make changes to appease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what was marxism leninism?

A

basis of lenins rule
-tsartist superstructure had to be replaced with bodies to ensure egalitarianism
-all people equal, equal rights and opportunities
-labour theory of value, wanted a gov run by workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what was stalins period of rule?

A

totalitarianism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stalins ideology

A

-Stalinism
-Collectivisation, by 1939 90% collectivized
-less willing to change due to character
-use of terror
-meglomaniac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why was stalins ideology succesful

A

-enforced through fear
-exploited circumstances, no one allowed to question whether they were appropriate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what was stalin

A

a meglomaniac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why was stalin a meglomaniac

A

he did whatever he needed to maintain absolute control
-created a culture of fear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how did lenin think the economy should run?

A

war communim: wasnt giving workers their full value of labour, food requisitioned, long hours for low pay

NEP: move towards capitalism, so not really marxism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how did stalin think the economy should run?

A

command economy: all controlled by state

5 year plan and collectivisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what was collectivization

A

state controlled farms on mass scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what were problems with lenins ideology

A

kept adapting, making divisions in party

moving away from communism with NEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what were problems with stalins ideology?

A

economic policies hard to implement and unpopular

So different to original marxism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what approach did khrushchev take to rule

A

destalinisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what was destalinisation

A

steps taken to reform policies of soviet union following stalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

key features of destalinisation

A

-free political prisoners
-relaxed censorship
-destroyed cult personality, statues and pictures removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when was the Bolshevik Gov developed

A

after october revolution in 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what was prov gov ideology

A

manage transition from tsarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structure of prov gov

A

gov had no mandate and exterted little power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

who challenged the prov gov

A

the petrogad soviet, 3,000 delegates challenged the govs authority
-ruled alongside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why did prov gov fail to introduce democratic system?

A

-interferance of petrogad soviet
-inflation and hunger got worse, failed to end food shortages
-peasants started to revolt and take noble land

22
Q

was the Bolshevik gov democratic?

A

tried to be, ended up being a dictatorship

23
Q

what were the illusions of democracy in bolsh gov

A

-village soviets could choose representatives
-they then elected members to be provisional soviets

24
Q

reality of bolsh gov

A

1918, menshviks and sr’s expelled from executive commitee

dominated by Bolsh

russia wasnt far of being ruled as a one party state

25
what was stalins new constitution like
-communist party still dominated -disagreement and criticism not tolerated
26
how did prov gov use army
-army in WW2 and after -faced huge casualties
27
how did lenin use army
-150,000 members of petrogad soviet supported 1917 revolution -Desertion of army during N2 was important for lenin -Red army faced 500,000 in white army -red army instrumental to civil war, 5 mil by end
28
how did stalin use army
-Army helped NKVD in great terror and purges -used to collect grain for collectivization
29
how did khrushchev use army
-focused on resolving international conflicts -reduction in army -but cuban missile crisis showed that russia still needed to maintain a military presence -army reduced from 3.6 mil - 2.4 mil
30
how did Prov gov use police
-focus on wartime security -established counter espionage Bureau -designed to weed out those undermining the war effort -inclusing bolsheviks
31
how did lenin use police
-Executed romanovs in 1918, used to deal with revolutionaries -nasty and ruthess torture methods -1922 cheka disbanded, replaced with similar police
32
how did stalin use police
--1923-1934 OGPU -1934-1943 NKVD -1943-1953 MGB - in total sent over 40 mil to gulags -25% inmates died each year
33
how did khrushchev use police
-reorganised MVD in 1954 -KGB gathered intelligence -much less harsh
34
how did lenin use censorship
1921 agitation an propoganda department established -promoted idealised russia -schools, cinema, radio, libraries under surveillance to prevent revoluntionist materia;
35
how did stalin use censorship
increased lots -1932 all literary groups shut down, all writers had to join soviet writers union -all work had to be approved
36
how did khrushchev use censorship
-eased -books and libraries proliferated -by late 1950s nearly 65,000 books published -newspapers flourished -bu 1959, 145 films had been made, cinemas increased to 59,000
37
how did khrushchev use censorship
-eased -books and libraries proliferated -by late 1950s nearly 65,000 books published -newspapers flourished -bu 1959, 145 films had been made, cinemas increased to 59,000
38
who opposed lenin and why
-trotsky opposed treaty of brest litovsk communist expansion
39
how did lenin deal with opposition?
-claimed the war would soon end, didnt really deal with it
40
who opposed stalin and why?
trotsky -pressed for permenant revolution -more free speech
41
how did stalin deal with opposition
-expelled -trotsky expelled from party in 1927 -exiled to kazackstan and 1929 expelled from USSR all together
42
Khrushchev ideology
-Destalinisation -far more liberal -de centralization -terror abolished -policies came from genuine desire to improve conditions
43
structure of Gov stalin
-Centralized power -Soviet of the Union- supposed to have elections every 4 years -Soviet of the nationalities - like theh house of lords. elite ruling group
44
Structure of Gov Lenin
-chairman of sovnarkom, autocratic once again -Cheka as body of Gov -Constituent assembly elections in 1917 rigged
45
Structure of Gov Khrushchev
-decentralization, autocratic ruler lost some power -KGB secret police -MVD regular police
46
worker opposition Lenin
Fairly docile in 1920s
47
Worker opposition Stalin
Fairly docile in 1930s -1940s workers suicide rates increased due to pressure to obtain production targets and poor conditions
48
Worker opposition Khrushchev
1962 worker protest over food shortages and high prices -20 killed
49
Peasant opposition Lenin
-Green armies in Civil war -Protests on grain requisitioning, largely dealt with by NEP
50
Peasant opposition Stalin
1930 temporary opt out of concession to collectivization to appease opposition -peasants burned crops and killed animals to avoid them being taken
51
Peasant opposition Khrushchev
Not much