Nature vs Nurture & Socialization Flashcards
Name ppl about Nature
Freud, Gottesman & Shields, Wilson, Parsons, Bruce & Young, Caufman, Wortley, Ost
Name ppl about Nurture
Feral children: Genie
Bilikopf, Wojtczak, Goffman, Mead, Ann Oakley, Parsons, Barrie Thorne, Cooper, Althusser, Handel
Biological Persp
Gottesman and Shields = genes for schizophrenia, thus nature determines mental states.
Caufman = found significant differences in brain functioning for juvenial delinquent behaviour Wortley = suggests that chemical responses to punishment vary, leading to different perspectives on crime & punishment
Biological & Gender
Wilson= "gender differences are strongly linked to biological programming" women = nurturing to suit childrearing , men = aggressive to suit hunting
Evolutionary Psychology
Ost’s study of blood phobia.
general idea= “natural selection” decides what kind of social/bheaviourla makeup is good for the species.
Descript. of Genie, other feral child
13 year old californian girl.
Pines – “not been talked to since infancy, malnourished and unable to stand errect, speak, could only whimper.”
Danielle Crockett “The Girl in the Window”
Other things 2 mention
Institutionalization, success of socialization, “over socialized view of man”, etc.
Goffman
everything’s an act, “on stage” “off stage” “backstage”– can be used to criticized the notion that people are “socialized” – it’s all an act, even by children
Parsons
primary socialization-
“pattern maintainence” of adult identities + helps children identify with same-sex adult
“paticularistic values”
secondary socialization-
universalisitc values
Critique Parsons (2)
Gouldner– there’s conflict during socialization
Dennis and Wrong- “overly socialized view of man”
Marxism
David Cooper ideological conditioning,
Althusser,
Bowles and Gintis
Neo-Marxism
Paul Willis, Gramsci, Bordieu
Mead
Founder of symbolic interactionism
“Roletaking”»_space; “Concept of Self”»_space; “Generalized others”
roletaking helps develop SELF, as well as being good for scoiety.
Oakley
Canalization of children into gendered notions of childhood & socialization.
Barrie Thorne
a postmodern/difference feminist.
she argues children are actively involved in their (somewhat) gendered socialization.
SCHOOLS do institutionalize gendered differences but even when allowed to choose for themselves, the boys and girls would choose their own sex, often excluding others from their games.
many activities were gender is not significant is also seen
lots of overlap & “borderwork”
