Natures Chemistry

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons are compounds made from carbon and hydrogen only.

Question 2

What is a homologous series?

Answer 2

A homologous series is a family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

Question 3

Why do the melting and boiling points increase as the carbon number increases?

Answer 3

The larger the molecule the stronger the intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules.

Question 4

Are alkanes soluble in water?

Answer 4

No.

Question 5

What is a use of alkanes?

Answer 5

Fuels.

Question 6

Alkanes and cycloalkanes are saturated, what does this mean?

Answer 6

They contain only single carbon-to-carbon bonds.

Question 7

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

What is a use for alkenes?

Answer 8

To create alcohols.

Question 9

Alkenes are unsaturated, what does this mean?

Answer 9

They contain carbon-to-carbon double bonds.

Question 10

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 10

CnH2n

Question 11

What is the test for unsaturation?

Answer 11

Alkenes decolourise Bromine water.

Question 12

What is a use for cycloalkanes?

Answer 12

Fuels and solvents.

Question 13

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

Answer 13

CnH2n

Question 14

What is an addition reaction in which you add Hydrogen called?

Answer 14

Hydrogenation.

Question 15

What is an addition reaction in which you add Bromine/Chlorine called?

Answer 15

Halogenation.

Question 16

What is an addition reaction in which you add water called?

Answer 16

Hydration.

Question 17

What is an isomer?

Answer 17

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 18

What is the name of functional group found in alcohols?

Answer 18

Hydroxyl functional group.

Question 19

What is a use of alcohols and why?

Answer 19

Fuels as they burn with very clean flames.

Question 20

What is the general formula of alcohols?

Answer 20

CnH2n+1OH

Question 21

What is the name of the functional group found in carboxylic acids?

Answer 21

Carboxyl functional groups.

Question 22

What are two uses of carboxylic acids?

Answer 22

Soap and Medicine.

Question 23

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

Answer 23

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 24

What is the name for a reaction that releases heat energy?

Answer 24

Exothermic reaction.

Question 25

What is the name for a reaction that takes in heat energy?

Answer 25

Endothermic reaction.

Question 26

If water is present what will happen to cobalt chloride paper?

Answer 26

It will change from blue to pink.

Question 27

If carbon dioxide is present what will happen to limewater?

Answer 27

It will change from clear to cloudy.

Question 28

What will an incomplete combustion cause?

Answer 28

Carbon monoxide.

Question 29

What are two other impurities found in hydrocarbons and what do they create?

Answer 29

Sulfur - Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen - Nitrogen Dioxide

Question 30

How do you reduce the risk of carbon monoxide?

Answer 30

Ensure there is a plentiful oxygen supply.

Question 31

How do you reduce the risk of sulfur dioxide?

Answer 31

Remove sulfur before burning.

Question 32

How do you reduce the risk of nitrogen dioxide?

Answer 32

Add a catalytic converter.

Question 33

After a halogenation addition reaction, what is the compound called?

Answer 33

Dihaloalkanes