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1
Q

Standard ICAO model for “moder jord”

A

WGS 84
World Geodetic system 1984

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2
Q

WGS 84

A

Standard ICAO model for “moder jord”
World Geodetic system 1984

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3
Q

Cardinal headings

A

North, South, East and West

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4
Q

Intercardinal headings

A

North-east, North-west, South-east, South-west

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5
Q

Distance between the Equator and either pole

A

10.000 km

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6
Q

Circumference of the earth in km and NM

A

40.000km and 21.600 NM

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7
Q

The shape of the earth

A

Oblate Spheroid - a sphere which is slightly flattened at its poles.

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8
Q

1 NM =

A

1 bueminut

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9
Q

Direction skrives altid i x decimaler?
Undtagelsen?

A

3 decimaler, med undtagelse af RWY direction (Mag)

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10
Q

Hvordan regnes reciprocal directions?

A

Mindre end 180 C = +200 -20
Mere end 180 C = -200 + 20

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11
Q

Reciprocal direction of 135 C

A

135+200 = 335
335-20 = 315 C

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12
Q

Reciprocal direction of 017 C

A

017+200 = 217
217-20 = 197 C

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13
Q

Reciprocal direction of 195 C

A

195-200 = -005
-005+20 = 015 C

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14
Q

Reciprocal direction of 255 C

A

255-200 = 055
055+20 = 075 C

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15
Q

The Great Circle

A

A circle on the surface of the earth whose centre and radius are those of the earth itself.

En cirkel hvis plan går gennem jordens centrum og deler jorden i 2 lige store dele.

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16
Q

Equator

A

The Great Circle whose plane is at 90 C to the axis of rotation of the earth.

Den storcirkel, hvis plan går gennem jordens centrum og står vinkelret på jordens rotaionsakse.

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17
Q

Parallels of latitude

A

A small circles on the surface of the earth, whose planes are parallel to the equator.

Cirkler på jordens overflade, hvis plan er parallel med ækvators.

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18
Q

Hvad indikerer parallels of latitude?

A

En position nord eller syd for ækvator.

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19
Q

Latitude

A

The latitude of any point is the arc measured along the meridian through the point from the equator to the point.

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20
Q

How is latitude expressed?

A

In degrees, minutes and seconds and annotated N or S.

Eg. 56*17’51” N or 561751N

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21
Q

Meridians

A

Semi-Great circles joining the south and north poles.

Every Great Circle passing through the poles forms a meridian and its anti-meridian.

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22
Q

Prime Meridian

A

The meridian passing through Greenwich.
It’s the reference point for the 0 degree line of the longitude.

All points on the meridian will have the fixed value of 0 degrees E.

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23
Q

The meridian passing through Greenwich

A

Prime Meridian

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24
Q

Small circle

A

A circle on the surface of the earth whose centre and radius are not those of the earth.

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25
Longitude
The longitude of any point is the shorter distance in the arc along the equator, between the Prime meridian and the meridian through the point. Annotated E or W eg. 009*07'29" E or 0090729E
26
Graticule
Latitude+Longitude
27
Null Island
Where the equator and prime meridian cross (0 degrees N, 0 degrees E)
28
Decimal minutter til grader
For at få i grader /60 (fjern 0, før) fx. 45 grader, 12' = 12/60 = 0,2 derfor 45,2 grader
29
60 grader og 15' til grader
15/60 = 0,25 derfor 60,25 grader
30
45,2 grader til decimal minutter
0,2*60 = 12 derfor 45 grader og 12'
31
Sekunder til decimalminutter
Decimal sek. = 0,x *60
32
Grader til decimal min.
For at få i decimal min. *60 fx. 60,25 grader = 0,25*60 = 15 derfor 60 grader, 15'
33
Sekunder til decimal min.
/60 fx. 32'15'' = 15/60 = 0,25 derfor 32,25'
34
Decimal min. til sekunder
0,xx*60 fx. 64,25' = 0,25*60 = 15 derfor 64'15"
35
Regneregler for udregning af difference in longitude
W-W fx. (100W - 80W = 20) E+W fx. (020E+010W = 30) Hvis de to gradetal giver mere end 180 fratrækkes 360 fra det totale , fordi vi er interesseret i at finde den korteste afstand, trækker vi 360 fra. fx. (163E+152W)-360 = 45 grader
36
Rhumb Line
A regularly curved line on the surface of the earth which cuts all meridians at the same angle. (A line of constant direction, konstant track)
37
Is Equator a Great circle?
Yes
38
1 IN in cm
2,54 cm
39
1SM in m
1609 m
40
1NM in m
1852 m
41
1 NM in SM
1,15 SM
42
1 m in ft
3,28 ft
43
One minute of latitude
1 NM
44
Er vindretning altid true (T)?
Ja
45
Variation
Is the angle between True and Magnetic North and is measured in degrees East or West from True North.
46
Agonic line
A line of connecting points of zero variation.
47
What is the maximum value of variation?
180 degrees. It will only occur at the poles.
48
Deviation
Is the angle measured at a point between the direction indicated by a compass needle and the direction of magnetic north.
49
Variation West
Magnetic best Hvis variationen er West vil den magnetiske heading være størst. Derfor skal variationen pludses til True heading for at give Magnetic heading.
49
Variation East
Magnetic Least Hvis variationen er East vil den True heading være størst og variationen skal derfor trækkes fra den True heading for at give den magnetiske heading.
50
Isogonal
A line on the surface of the earth joining points of equal magnetic variation.
51
A line on the surface of the earth joining points of equal magnetic variation.
Isogonal
52
Agnoic line
A line connecting points of zero variation
53
A line connecting points of zero variation
Agnoic line
54
Hvordan er formlen for ugregning af hastighed?
Distance = Velocity * Time
55
KTS =
NM/h
56
NM/h =
KTS
57
MPH =
SM/h
58
MACH =
NM*10/min
59
Hvad er MACH 2,0 i NM/min?
20 NM/min
60
Hvordan er formlen for fuel?
Fuel = Flow * Time
61
1 NM i KM
1,852 KM
62
Hvad er formlen for Distance?
Time*Speed (Velocity)
63
Hvad er formlen for Velocity (speed)?
Distance/Time
64
Hvad er definationen på Heading?
The direction which the aircraft is pointing.
65
Hvad er definationen på Track?
The direction of the aircraft´s path over the ground.
66
Hvad er WCA?
Wind Correction Angle The angular difference between heading and track.
67
Kap.11 Hvornår og hvordan skal obstructions markeres?
Obstructions markeres 2NM fra kurslinjen med en rød cirkel m. radius på 1NM.
68
Kap. 11 Hvilken fart planlægges navruterne på EK med?
Indikeret flyvefart på 100kts.
69
Kap. 11 Hvordan udregnes flyvehøjden?
Højeste TN-genstand indenfor 2NM af kurslinjen rundet op til nærmeste 50' + 500' AGL.
70
Kap. 11 Hvordan udregnes MSA?
Minimum Safe Altitude 1. Højeste TN-genstand indenfor 10NM af kurslinjen rundet op til nærmeste 100' + 400' AGL. 2. Højeste menneskeskabte hindring indenfor 10NM af kurslinjen rundet op til nærmeste 100' + 100'. Der flyves efter "Worst Case"!!!!
71
Kap. 11 Hvordan udregnes RAA?
Route Abort Altitude Udregnes som MSA ved at afsøge det område der flyves i efter den højeste TN-genstand el. menneskeskabte genstand, således at man på hvilket som helst sted på ruten skal kunne afbryde denne og stige til sikker højde.
72
Hvad er Continuation fuel?
Den mindste mængde brændstof som behøves fra det pågældende punkt, for at kunne fortsætte turen som planlagt, og lande med 12 gallons.
73
Hvad er Expected fuel?
Den mængde brændstof som forventes at være tilbage i tankene på det pågældende punkt.
74
Hvad er BINGO fuel?
Mindste brændstofmængde der kræves for at kunne flyve direkte hjem og lande med 12 gallons fra det fjerneste TP.
75
Kap. 11 Beskriv opmærksomhedsfordelingen i % når du flyver navigation. - Udenfor cockpittet - Kortlæsning - Instrumenter
Udenfor cockpittet: 70% Kortlæsning: 20% Instrumenter: 10%
76
Kap. 11 Hvad er de to map readings teknikker?
1. Stor, mellem, lille 2. Clock, map, ground
77
Kap. 11 Beskriv de 5TF check
Time Turn Track Threats Talk Fuel
78
Kap. 11 Beskriv de 3 vigtigste navigationsprincipper.
Clock Map Ground
79
Hvad er minimum flyvehøjden over byer?
1000' AGL
80
Hvad er formålet med at flyve med flaps, når du flyver navigations ruter?
Du kan sænke hastigheden og få bedre udsyn.
81
Kap. 11 Hvad står de fire C'er for? Huskeregel for "lost procedure"
Climb Confess Conserve - (Flyv LF80 mens du danner dig et overblik over situationen, for at mindske fuel forbruget) Communicate
82
Kap. Hvad er de tre muligheder for at håndtere dårligt vejr?
1. Circum-navigate vejrfænomenet(navigere udenom) 2. 180 turn og back track ruten 3. Climb til 2500' MSL og få FIR clearance
83
Kap. 13 Flyvekortet har 3 basis karakteristika, hvilke?
1. Relief (terræn) 2. Other features 3. Scale
84
Kap. 13 Hvad dækker ordet relief? nævn 4 ting
1. Contours 2. Layer tinting 3. Spot elevation 4. MEF og MSA figures
85
Kap. 13 Hvor høj kan en mast være uden at fremgå på kortet?
327 ft og under
86
Kap. 13 Hvad står MEF for?
Maximum Elevation Feature
87
Kap. 13 Hvordan udregnes MEF?
MEF udregnes ved at finde: 1. Den højeste menneskeskabte genstand. 2. Den højeste TN-genstand + 300'. Den højeste af de to vælges og rundes op til nærmeste 100'.
88
Kap. 13 Hvordan udregnes MSA?
Hvis højere end 5000', tilføjes 2000'. Hvis lavere end 5000', tilføjes 1000'.
89
Kap. 13 Er MEF en safety altitude?
NO!
90
Nævn 3 måder at angive scale på
1. Statement in words 2. Representative fraction 3. Gratuated scale line
91
Hvad er departure?
Departure is the distance between two meridians along a specified parallel of latitude.
92
Hvad er definationen for scale?
The relationship between the lenght of a line drawn between two positions on a chart and the distance on the Earth between the same points.
93
Hvordan kan man udtrykke scale statements in words?
1 cm = 20 km
94
Hvad er formlen for Scale?
Chart Length/Earth Distance
95
Må en Representative Fraction laves med kommatal?
NEJ!!!

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