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Question

What is the RF/IF switch?

Answer 1

This device is the interface between the above deck equipment and the modems. It contains a high stability rubidium oscillator. It accepts signals from the modems, amplifies the signal, and duplexes the 10 MHz IF signal onto a single coax cable for the antenna. It performs these functions in reverse upon receive and amplifies the signals to the required power levels to drive the modems and route the signals to the respective modems.

Answer 2

The OIU houses the interface terminal for visual control and status indication. The rack mounted CPU provides the operating system with access to SHF SATCOM CMA software functions. CMA provides fault identification and can accept pointing command inputs.

Answer 3

The GPS receiver passes Lat/Long data to the OIU. It utilizes a 10 MHz reference source and can provide system timing via the patch panel.

Answer 4

A front mounted switch with 16 Ethernet ports and 2 fibre ports with front mounted LEDs for status indication.

Answer 5

Also known as an EBEM. It interfaces with the RF/IF switch and modulates the data onto the IF carrier for transmit, and demodulates the data on receive.

Answer 6

Does the same as the static modem (modulates on transmit, demodulates on receive), but keeps the clock data.

Answer 7

This router is used to connect SHIP LAN and SEC LAN to the transmission/receive methods previously discussed. It is located in the CER and it can also transmit/receive information through a fibre-optic connection at a jetty for shore connection.

Answer 8

The KIV-7M is a multi-purpose, programmable cryptographic unit that can interpolate with a wide variety of legacy and modern devices. It has two independent encryption channels allowing it to emulate two separate families of encryption devices simultaneously over separate links.

Answer 9

The TACLANE (KG-175) is an encryption device. It is used to provide network communication security on IP networks for the individual user or multiple users at the same security level. It is a low-cost, Type 1, key-agile network encryption device. There are two devices, one is designated for CSNI and another is shared between MTWAN and NSWAN. Both are in the CCR.

Answer 10

The ShipLAN router sends the data from the encryption units to the riverbed steelhead on receive, and routes data from the patch panel to the encryption units on transmit.

Answer 11

The Riverbed Steelhead (Riverbed) is used to manage bandwidth usage between the various shipboard networks. The network management is done by polarization, de-duplication, and reduction of data IOT improved QoS. There are three Riverbed devices. One in the CER for ShipLAN, and two in the CCR for CSNI and MTWAN networks.

Answer 12

The patch panel is a unit featuring a number of jacks of similar type for connecting and routing circuits for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. It allows for data to be routed between networks and is located in the CER.

Answer 13

ShipLAN is used to provide principle network access to the users for administrative work similar to DWAN. It is an Unclassified/Pro A network, with Pro B processing capabilities through the use of a PKI card. The majority of ShipLAN components are located in CCER 4.

Answer 14

There are three total time servers which are identical to the ones used in the navigation data distribution system. They are all located in the CCR. There is one for ShipLAN, CSNI, and for NSWAN. Each time server uses a highly stabilized rubidium oscillator in order to minimize clock drift.

Answer 15

The network switch is considered the backbone of ShipLAN. It is a gigabit switch connected to the LAN hub switches and the blade server through fibre-optic cables. The Network Backbone connects ShipLAN to the HSDC via the HSDC Patch Panel.

Answer 16

VOIP is a method and group of technologies for the deliver of voice communications and multimedia sessions over IP networks. There are 7 VOIP phones onboard: CO’s cabin, XO’s cabin, COXN’s office, Sickbay, CCR

Answer 17

There are 90 ShipLAN drops allowing for over 90 users to connect to the ShipLAN network. These are essentially Ethernet ports which connect to a LAN Hub Switch.

Answer 18

There are 7 LAN hub switches onboard. These switches connect the Network Drops to the Network Backbone via fibre-optic cables. The switches provide in-line power (48VDC) so that devices such as VOIP phones do not require both a wall outlet and a Network Drop. The switches are located in: LAN 1: Ops LAN 2: Cabin 14 LAN 3: MSE Tech office LAN 4: Ship’s Office LAN 5: Aft SIS LAN 6: CCER 4. Connects the VPN Router, DRMIS server, and the Backup server to the backbone LAN 7: Network backbone. Also in CCER 4. Connects one GP Net Laptop and the blade server

Answer 19

The DRMIS server is located in the housing for the blade servers in CCER 4. It is used to provide users with full capabilities of DRMIS ashore, such as material acquisition, finances, and life cycle management while at sea. It is a local DRMIS server and it synchronizes twice a day with the central DRMIS server in Tunney’s Pasture. The server is operated in this fashion due to the ship’s limited bandwidth and internet connectivity at sea.

Answer 20

This consists of two laptops (one in CER, one in Ops). These laptops patch into ShipLAN via ShipLAN Switch 7 and LAN Hub 1 (Ops). Network traffic can be monitored from these laptops.

Answer 21

The blade server is a server chassis that houses multiple thin, modular electronic circuit boards known as server “blades”. Each blade is a server and is dedicated to a single application. ex: Microsoft Exchange, or the print server

Answer 22

SECLAN for HMCS MONTREAL consists of the Consolidated Secret Network (CSNI), Maritime Tactical Wide Area Network (MTWAN), and NATO Secret Wide Area Network (NSWAN).

Answer 23

Routers that are installed in the CSNI, MTWAN and NSWAN. Are similar to the HSDC router and serve the same function. All three are located in the CCR.

Answer 24

CSNI is a classified network approved for up to SECRET Canadian (CAN) EYES only. Although the system is approved for storage and processing of CAN EYES ONLY, the classified email system on CSNI is integrated with the United States, such that one can email secure US emails (SIPERNET) directly from CSNI. This is the most widely used classified network onboard. It is used for two way communications via messenger between directors, for researching secret networks for data and for creating CO’s evening slides.

Answer 25

MTWAN is used to provide connectivity to various internal networks within NATO task group operations. There can be multiple MTWANs onboard of a Halifax class ship.

Answer 26

NSWAN is used to provide connectivity for NATO participants. It is very similar to MTWAN and has identical shelves. All three SECLAN use the same types of components.

Answer 27

The TACLANE (KG-175) is an encryption device. It is used to provide network communication security on IP networks for the individual user or for enclaves of users at the same security level. It is a low-cost, Type 1, key-agile, in-line network encryption device. There are two devices, one is designated for CSNI and another one is shared between MTWAN and NSWAN. Both are located in the CCR.

Answer 28

Is a typical switch which allows data distribution over the typical copper lines (Ethernet)

Answer 29

These are Storage Array Networks (SANs). They provide the ability to store information to the thin clients. They are created by allocating hardware resources from a physical server to create a virtual instance of a server. Virtual storage servers are available for both CSNI and MTWAN networks. Servers are located in the CCR on the CSNI and MTWAN equipment racks respectively. Two of them are for virtualization and one is designated as the backup. Both two virtualization servers are identical (ESX 1 and ESX 2). They contain all the data of the CSNI network (N drive, etc) and send each other a copy of their own volume (i.e ESX 1 sends a copy of itself to ESX 2 and vice versa) The purpose of the ESX Backup is to copy the data (Volume 1, Volume 2) and be the Fail-Over Manager (FOM) of ESX 1 and ESX 2. ESX Backup monitors the hardware and software of ESX 1 and 2.

Answer 30

Serves the same purpose as a typical network switch which distributes data over fiber optic lines. There are two fiber switches, both of which are in the CCR.

Answer 31

The HAS is used to provide a copy of the Operating System (OS) to the virtual machines. It acts as the link between the trusted thin clients and the rest of the network. They are responsible for hosting the software that users will run. The HAS contains the Gold Copy of the OS. When a user attempts to login into the CSNI network, the OS they are using is an image (a clone) of the gold copy located on the HAS If the Information System Administrator (ISA) updates the gold copy, the users using the network during that process do not get affected by the updates immediately and will not until they reacquire the newly updated image of the OS by logging out. This process simplifies any updates and/or modification to be made to the OS with no impact to the network or users There are two HAS, both are located in the CCR on the equipment rack for their respective network.

Answer 32

The DCS provides the Trusted Thin Clients the processing resources, namely CPU Cycles and Random Access Memory (RAM), in order to perform all task required within the CSNI, NSWAN and MTWAN. There are two of these servers. They share the load required for the the systems. In the event of a failure, the working servers can accommodate up to 45 users simultaneously. Both servers are located in the CCR.

Answer 33

The MFW’s are considered thin clients for SECLAN and include 15 drops. CSNI is able to be utilized on the right screen on the MFW by selecting the “ISOLATED” button on the MFW.

Answer 34

There are 36 non-MFW SECLAN thin clients. These allow access to CSNI, MTWAN and NSWAN through computers for up to 36 users with the appropriate credentials.

Answer 35

A thick client is a computer (client) in client–server architecture or networks that typically provides rich functionality independent of the central server. A thick client still requires at least periodic connection to a network or central server, but is often characterized by the ability to perform many functions without that connection. It is typically a conventional desktop computer or a laptop computer. There are 5 thick clients that use SECLAN. These include the CO, CCR, three for OPS (AWWO, UWWO, ORO) and 2 for AMCO.

Answer 36

River city states 4-1, emission control (A-C), NMT modes (Ka-Band and Q-Band), and MSCU modes (X-Band and Ku-Band).

Answer 37

River city states are used to limit network traffic IOT maximize the bandwidth to important users or to limit network traffic to increase operational security (OPSEC). There are 4 River City states, with 4 being the least strict and 1 being the most strict. River City State 4 is what is normally used during operations River City State 3 is used to restrict bandwidth and for prioritizing bandwidth for specific functions, such as transmission of large files, and VOIP. It constitutes discontinuation of web browsing, and temporary stop of unclassified email transmission. River City State 2 results in restricted access and is used for high visibility port visits, opposed Maritime Interdiction Operations, and high visibility threat area port visits. River City State 1 is the most restrictive state and is used during attacks, massive casualties, fire, or any other event that could result in media coverage or international incident.

Answer 38

There are three emission control groups for the network and this is based on the users. IOT implement River City States, the ISA has the Active Directory which is a list of all members of the ships company and their corresponding groups. Alpha includes all members of the ship’s company. Bravo includes everyone in group Charlie and designated support personnel (mission essential personnel authorized by the CO) Charlie includes the top decision makers such as the CO, XO, fleet staff, ops/comms, INT and IT.

Answer 39

When using the Ka-Band, NMT antennas communicate with satellites in WGS constellation The satellites communicate with ground stations in order to pass data through the network. The Ka-Band has a larger bandwidth when compared to the Q-Band, however, the data transfer rate is slower due to the fact that signal has to go to the satellite then bounce to ground station and back. Ka-band is extremely weather dependent. If there is a lot of snow or precipitation around the ship or at the ground stations, it is close to impossible to establish a connection. Sea states also affect the connectivity because it becomes harder to maintain the antennas pointed on the satellite (if satellite is directly above sea state won’t matter, if satellite is on a sharp angle, and then we have a rough sea state it could drop the connection)

Answer 40

When using the Q-Band, NMT antennas communicate with satellites in AEHF constellation. Those satellites communicate only with other satellites in this constellation allowing for faster data transfer than Ka-Band due to not having a need to go through the ground stations, although the bandwidth is much smaller. Similarly to Ka-band, it is also greatly weather and sea state dependent.

Answer 41

When using the X-Band, MSCU antenna communicates with WGS constellation in the same manner as NMT.

Answer 42

When using the Ku-Band, MSCU antenna communicates with commercial satellite constellations.

Answer 43

Classified email on CSNI via AEHF. OpsO is writing an email ashore on a Trusted Thin Client which is connected to CSNI. As the user writes the email, there is constant network traffic between the TTC (which has no processing power), the Distribution Console Server (TTC operating system software), and the Host Application Server (applications on CSNI network eg. chat, messaging software, word processing software) of the CSNI network. The data will be converted into SMTP packets for transmission and upon hitting send it will be passed to the copper switch. The email will travel through the Copper Switch which determines that the address is not within the local domain and adds headers to the packets. The packets are then passed to the Riverbed Steelhead for compression and caching of data before being sent to the TACLANE for encryption. It will be tunneled onto the HSDC network via the HSDC Patch Panel. The Riverbed Steelhead performs latency priority queuing, and the HSDC router will send the signal to another TACLANE for a second level of encryption before being passed through the WADN router to the AEHF patch panel in the CCR. The signal is then passed to the SER over a fibre connection and to the AEHF drawer in the NMT communications group cabinet. The signal is encrypted by the KGV-136R and then then modulated from the baseband signal onto a carrier frequency, amplified, and passed to the currently active NMT antenna for transmission through the AEHF satellite system. The signal will be transmitted between the satellites until one is capable of transmitting it to signal hill, at which point the signal is received and passed to BIS, where a mirrored system to that onboard will demodulate and decrypt the information before sending it to the end user.

Answer 44

EPG&D: NMT and MSCU cabinets both take in 440VAC 60 Hz 3-phase power and converts it to the various power each component needs NDDS: Ship’s attitude data is provided to the NMT cabinet directly from FWD and AFT INS. The switch to change between INS is located in SER. MSCU receives an Ethernet feed from NavDDS for stabilization of the antennas.

Answer 45

There are three similar antenna groups which allow internet access to the ship’s company at sea or shore if shore connection is not available. Both virtual servers are identical, meaning they have the same configuration, hardware, and software installed. The third ESK server is a backup in case the other two fail.

Answer 46

Most of the hardware is commercial off the shelf, making replacements easier. There’s a UPS in CCER4 for ShipLAN which gives 30 mins off power. UPS in SER for NMT that gives 10 mins of power.

Answer 47

Technical COMSEC Inspections (TCIs) are for re-installation, changes, or new installations must occur before equipment is turned on and operational. A TCI is conducted by a TCI inspector that is part of FMF Eng, but works on behalf of the National TCI Coordinator in ADM (IM). Their role is to ensure that all EC installations are in compliance with approved policies, and they primarily deal with separation distances and cable shielding for EMSEC.

Answer 48

Readiness trials consists of a physical inspection, functional trial, and an operational trial for each.

Answer 49

For an uncontrolled environment: - NMT: - Ka-Band: 21 meters - Q-Band: 45 meters - FBB: 1 meter - MSCU: - X-Band: 106 meters at max power - Ku-Band: 153 meters at max power

Answer 50

The NMT and MSCU radomes are considered confined spaces. In order to enter the domes, an air test must be done to verify quality; after quality is proven ventilation must take place while techs are inside the dome. Spaces must be re-certified after 24 hours. All other OOD confined spaces procedures must be applied as well.

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